url.c

      dead = Curl_rtsp_connisdead(conn);
    else
      dead = SocketIsDead(conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET]);

    if(dead) {
      conn->data = data;
      infof(data, "Connection %ld seems to be dead!\n", conn->connection_id);

      /* disconnect resources */
      Curl_disconnect(conn, /* dead_connection */TRUE);
      return TRUE;
    }
  }
  return FALSE;
}

/*
 * Wrapper to use disconnect_if_dead() function in Curl_conncache_foreach()
 *
 * Returns always 0.
 */
static int call_disconnect_if_dead(struct connectdata *conn,
                                      void *param)
{
  struct SessionHandle* data = (struct SessionHandle*)param;
  disconnect_if_dead(conn, data);
  return 0; /* continue iteration */
}

/*
 * This function scans the connection cache for half-open/dead connections,
 * closes and removes them.
 * The cleanup is done at most once per second.
 */
static void prune_dead_connections(struct SessionHandle *data)
{
  struct timeval now = Curl_tvnow();
  long elapsed = Curl_tvdiff(now, data->state.conn_cache->last_cleanup);

  if(elapsed >= 1000L) {
    Curl_conncache_foreach(data->state.conn_cache, data,
                           call_disconnect_if_dead);
    data->state.conn_cache->last_cleanup = now;
  }
}

/*
 * Given one filled in connection struct (named needle), this function should
 * detect if there already is one that has all the significant details
 * exactly the same and thus should be used instead.
 *
 * If there is a match, this function returns TRUE - and has marked the
 * connection as 'in-use'. It must later be called with ConnectionDone() to
 * return back to 'idle' (unused) state.
 *
 * The force_reuse flag is set if the connection must be used, even if
 * the pipelining strategy wants to open a new connection instead of reusing.
 */
static bool
ConnectionExists(struct SessionHandle *data,
                 struct connectdata *needle,
                 struct connectdata **usethis,
                 bool *force_reuse)
{
  struct connectdata *check;
  struct connectdata *chosen = 0;
  bool canPipeline = IsPipeliningPossible(data, needle);
  bool wantNTLMhttp = ((data->state.authhost.want & CURLAUTH_NTLM) ||
                       (data->state.authhost.want & CURLAUTH_NTLM_WB)) &&
    (needle->handler->protocol & PROTO_FAMILY_HTTP) ? TRUE : FALSE;
  struct connectbundle *bundle;

  *force_reuse = FALSE;

  /* We can't pipe if the site is blacklisted */
  if(canPipeline && Curl_pipeline_site_blacklisted(data, needle)) {
    canPipeline = FALSE;
  }

  /* Look up the bundle with all the connections to this
     particular host */
  bundle = Curl_conncache_find_bundle(needle, data->state.conn_cache);
  if(bundle) {
    size_t max_pipe_len = Curl_multi_max_pipeline_length(data->multi);
    size_t best_pipe_len = max_pipe_len;
    struct curl_llist_element *curr;

    infof(data, "Found bundle for host %s: %p\n",
          needle->host.name, (void *)bundle);

    /* We can't pipe if we don't know anything about the server */
    if(canPipeline && !bundle->server_supports_pipelining) {
      infof(data, "Server doesn't support pipelining\n");
      canPipeline = FALSE;
    }

    curr = bundle->conn_list->head;
    while(curr) {
      bool match = FALSE;
#if defined(USE_NTLM)
      bool credentialsMatch = FALSE;
#endif
      size_t pipeLen;

      /*
       * Note that if we use a HTTP proxy, we check connections to that
       * proxy and not to the actual remote server.
       */
      check = curr->ptr;
      curr = curr->next;

      if(disconnect_if_dead(check, data))
        continue;

      pipeLen = check->send_pipe->size + check->recv_pipe->size;

      if(canPipeline) {
        /* Make sure the pipe has only GET requests */
        struct SessionHandle* sh = gethandleathead(check->send_pipe);
        struct SessionHandle* rh = gethandleathead(check->recv_pipe);
        if(sh) {
          if(!IsPipeliningPossible(sh, check))
            continue;
        }
        else if(rh) {
          if(!IsPipeliningPossible(rh, check))
            continue;
        }
      }
      else {
        if(pipeLen > 0) {
          /* can only happen within multi handles, and means that another easy
             handle is using this connection */
          continue;
        }

        if(Curl_resolver_asynch()) {
          /* ip_addr_str[0] is NUL only if the resolving of the name hasn't
             completed yet and until then we don't re-use this connection */
          if(!check->ip_addr_str[0]) {
            infof(data,
                  "Connection #%ld is still name resolving, can't reuse\n",
                  check->connection_id);
            continue;
          }
        }

        if((check->sock[FIRSTSOCKET] == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) ||
           check->bits.close) {
          /* Don't pick a connection that hasn't connected yet or that is going
             to get closed. */
          infof(data, "Connection #%ld isn't open enough, can't reuse\n",
                check->connection_id);
#ifdef DEBUGBUILD
          if(check->recv_pipe->size > 0) {
            infof(data,
                  "BAD! Unconnected #%ld has a non-empty recv pipeline!\n",
                  check->connection_id);
          }
#endif
          continue;
        }
      }

      if((needle->handler->flags&PROTOPT_SSL) !=
         (check->handler->flags&PROTOPT_SSL))
        /* don't do mixed SSL and non-SSL connections */
        if(!(needle->handler->protocol & check->handler->protocol))
          /* except protocols that have been upgraded via TLS */
          continue;

      if(needle->handler->flags&PROTOPT_SSL) {
        if((data->set.ssl.verifypeer != check->verifypeer) ||
           (data->set.ssl.verifyhost != check->verifyhost))
          continue;
      }

      if(needle->bits.proxy != check->bits.proxy)
        /* don't do mixed proxy and non-proxy connections */
        continue;

      if(!canPipeline && check->inuse)
        /* this request can't be pipelined but the checked connection is
           already in use so we skip it */
        continue;

      if(needle->localdev || needle->localport) {
        /* If we are bound to a specific local end (IP+port), we must not
           re-use a random other one, although if we didn't ask for a
           particular one we can reuse one that was bound.

           This comparison is a bit rough and too strict. Since the input
           parameters can be specified in numerous ways and still end up the
           same it would take a lot of processing to make it really accurate.
           Instead, this matching will assume that re-uses of bound connections
           will most likely also re-use the exact same binding parameters and
           missing out a few edge cases shouldn't hurt anyone very much.
        */
        if((check->localport != needle->localport) ||
           (check->localportrange != needle->localportrange) ||
           !check->localdev ||
           !needle->localdev ||
           strcmp(check->localdev, needle->localdev))
          continue;
      }

      if((!(needle->handler->flags & PROTOPT_CREDSPERREQUEST)) ||
         wantNTLMhttp) {
        /* This protocol requires credentials per connection or is HTTP+NTLM,
           so verify that we're using the same name and password as well */
        if(!strequal(needle->user, check->user) ||
           !strequal(needle->passwd, check->passwd)) {
          /* one of them was different */
          continue;
        }
#if defined(USE_NTLM)
        credentialsMatch = TRUE;
#endif
      }

      if(!needle->bits.httpproxy || needle->handler->flags&PROTOPT_SSL ||
         (needle->bits.httpproxy && check->bits.httpproxy &&
          needle->bits.tunnel_proxy && check->bits.tunnel_proxy &&
          Curl_raw_equal(needle->proxy.name, check->proxy.name) &&
          (needle->port == check->port))) {
        /* The requested connection does not use a HTTP proxy or it uses SSL or
           it is a non-SSL protocol tunneled over the same http proxy name and
           port number or it is a non-SSL protocol which is allowed to be
           upgraded via TLS */

        if((Curl_raw_equal(needle->handler->scheme, check->handler->scheme) ||
            needle->handler->protocol & check->handler->protocol) &&
           Curl_raw_equal(needle->host.name, check->host.name) &&
           needle->remote_port == check->remote_port) {
          if(needle->handler->flags & PROTOPT_SSL) {
            /* This is a SSL connection so verify that we're using the same
               SSL options as well */
            if(!Curl_ssl_config_matches(&needle->ssl_config,
                                        &check->ssl_config)) {
              DEBUGF(infof(data,
                           "Connection #%ld has different SSL parameters, "
                           "can't reuse\n",
                           check->connection_id));
              continue;
            }
            else if(check->ssl[FIRSTSOCKET].state != ssl_connection_complete) {
              DEBUGF(infof(data,
                           "Connection #%ld has not started SSL connect, "
                           "can't reuse\n",
                           check->connection_id));
              continue;
            }
          }
          match = TRUE;
        }
      }
      else { /* The requested needle connection is using a proxy,
                is the checked one using the same host, port and type? */
        if(check->bits.proxy &&
           (needle->proxytype == check->proxytype) &&
           (needle->bits.tunnel_proxy == check->bits.tunnel_proxy) &&
           Curl_raw_equal(needle->proxy.name, check->proxy.name) &&
           needle->port == check->port) {
          /* This is the same proxy connection, use it! */
          match = TRUE;
        }
      }

      if(match) {
#if defined(USE_NTLM)
        /* If we are looking for an HTTP+NTLM connection, check if this is
           already authenticating with the right credentials. If not, keep
           looking so that we can reuse NTLM connections if
           possible. (Especially we must not reuse the same connection if
           partway through a handshake!) */
        if(wantNTLMhttp) {
          if(credentialsMatch && check->ntlm.state != NTLMSTATE_NONE) {
            chosen = check;

            /* We must use this connection, no other */
            *force_reuse = TRUE;
            break;
          }
          else if(credentialsMatch)
            /* this is a backup choice */
            chosen = check;
          continue;
        }
#endif

        if(canPipeline) {
          /* We can pipeline if we want to. Let's continue looking for
             the optimal connection to use, i.e the shortest pipe that is not
             blacklisted. */

          if(pipeLen == 0) {
            /* We have the optimal connection. Let's stop looking. */
            chosen = check;
            break;
          }

          /* We can't use the connection if the pipe is full */
          if(pipeLen >= max_pipe_len)
            continue;

          /* We can't use the connection if the pipe is penalized */
          if(Curl_pipeline_penalized(data, check))
            continue;

          if(pipeLen < best_pipe_len) {
            /* This connection has a shorter pipe so far. We'll pick this
               and continue searching */
            chosen = check;
            best_pipe_len = pipeLen;
            continue;
          }
        }
        else {
          /* We have found a connection. Let's stop searching. */
          chosen = check;
          break;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if(chosen) {
    *usethis = chosen;
    return TRUE; /* yes, we found one to use! */
  }

  return FALSE; /* no matching connecting exists */
}

/* Mark the connection as 'idle', or close it if the cache is full.
   Returns TRUE if the connection is kept, or FALSE if it was closed. */
static bool
ConnectionDone(struct SessionHandle *data, struct connectdata *conn)
{
  /* data->multi->maxconnects can be negative, deal with it. */
  size_t maxconnects =
    (data->multi->maxconnects < 0) ? data->multi->num_easy * 4:
    data->multi->maxconnects;
  struct connectdata *conn_candidate = NULL;

  /* Mark the current connection as 'unused' */
  conn->inuse = FALSE;

  if(maxconnects > 0 &&
     data->state.conn_cache->num_connections > maxconnects) {
    infof(data, "Connection cache is full, closing the oldest one.\n");

    conn_candidate = find_oldest_idle_connection(data);

    if(conn_candidate) {
      /* Set the connection's owner correctly */
      conn_candidate->data = data;

      /* the winner gets the honour of being disconnected */
      (void)Curl_disconnect(conn_candidate, /* dead_connection */ FALSE);
    }
  }

  return (conn_candidate == conn) ? FALSE : TRUE;
}

/*
 * The given input connection struct pointer is to be stored in the connection
 * cache. If the cache is already full, least interesting existing connection
 * (if any) gets closed.
 *
 * The given connection should be unique. That must've been checked prior to
 * this call.
 */
static CURLcode ConnectionStore(struct SessionHandle *data,
                                struct connectdata *conn)
{
  return Curl_conncache_add_conn(data->state.conn_cache, conn);
}

/* after a TCP connection to the proxy has been verified, this function does
   the next magic step.

   Note: this function's sub-functions call failf()

*/
CURLcode Curl_connected_proxy(struct connectdata *conn,
                              int sockindex)
{
  if(!conn->bits.proxy || sockindex)
    /* this magic only works for the primary socket as the secondary is used
       for FTP only and it has FTP specific magic in ftp.c */
    return CURLE_OK;

  switch(conn->proxytype) {
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_PROXY
  case CURLPROXY_SOCKS5:
  case CURLPROXY_SOCKS5_HOSTNAME:
    return Curl_SOCKS5(conn->proxyuser, conn->proxypasswd,
                       conn->host.name, conn->remote_port,
                       FIRSTSOCKET, conn);

  case CURLPROXY_SOCKS4:
    return Curl_SOCKS4(conn->proxyuser, conn->host.name,
                       conn->remote_port, FIRSTSOCKET, conn, FALSE);

  case CURLPROXY_SOCKS4A:
    return Curl_SOCKS4(conn->proxyuser, conn->host.name,
                       conn->remote_port, FIRSTSOCKET, conn, TRUE);

#endif /* CURL_DISABLE_PROXY */
  case CURLPROXY_HTTP:
  case CURLPROXY_HTTP_1_0:
    /* do nothing here. handled later. */
    break;
  default:
    break;
  } /* switch proxytype */

  return CURLE_OK;
}

/*
 * verboseconnect() displays verbose information after a connect
 */
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_VERBOSE_STRINGS
void Curl_verboseconnect(struct connectdata *conn)
{
  if(conn->data->set.verbose)
    infof(conn->data, "Connected to %s (%s) port %ld (#%ld)\n",
          conn->bits.proxy ? conn->proxy.dispname : conn->host.dispname,
          conn->ip_addr_str, conn->port, conn->connection_id);
}
#endif

int Curl_protocol_getsock(struct connectdata *conn,
                          curl_socket_t *socks,
                          int numsocks)
{
  if(conn->handler->proto_getsock)
    return conn->handler->proto_getsock(conn, socks, numsocks);
  return GETSOCK_BLANK;
}

int Curl_doing_getsock(struct connectdata *conn,
                       curl_socket_t *socks,
                       int numsocks)
{
  if(conn && conn->handler->doing_getsock)
    return conn->handler->doing_getsock(conn, socks, numsocks);
  return GETSOCK_BLANK;
}

/*
 * We are doing protocol-specific connecting and this is being called over and
 * over from the multi interface until the connection phase is done on
 * protocol layer.
 */

CURLcode Curl_protocol_connecting(struct connectdata *conn,
                                  bool *done)
{
  CURLcode result=CURLE_OK;

  if(conn && conn->handler->connecting) {
    *done = FALSE;
    result = conn->handler->connecting(conn, done);
  }
  else
    *done = TRUE;

  return result;
}

/*
 * We are DOING this is being called over and over from the multi interface
 * until the DOING phase is done on protocol layer.
 */

CURLcode Curl_protocol_doing(struct connectdata *conn, bool *done)
{
  CURLcode result=CURLE_OK;

  if(conn && conn->handler->doing) {
    *done = FALSE;
    result = conn->handler->doing(conn, done);
  }
  else
    *done = TRUE;

  return result;
}

/*
 * We have discovered that the TCP connection has been successful, we can now
 * proceed with some action.
 *
 */
CURLcode Curl_protocol_connect(struct connectdata *conn,
                               bool *protocol_done)
{
  CURLcode result=CURLE_OK;

  *protocol_done = FALSE;

  if(conn->bits.tcpconnect[FIRSTSOCKET] && conn->bits.protoconnstart) {
    /* We already are connected, get back. This may happen when the connect
       worked fine in the first call, like when we connect to a local server
       or proxy. Note that we don't know if the protocol is actually done.

       Unless this protocol doesn't have any protocol-connect callback, as
       then we know we're done. */
    if(!conn->handler->connecting)
      *protocol_done = TRUE;

    return CURLE_OK;
  }

  if(!conn->bits.protoconnstart) {

    result = Curl_proxy_connect(conn);
    if(result)
      return result;

    if(conn->bits.tunnel_proxy && conn->bits.httpproxy &&
       (conn->tunnel_state[FIRSTSOCKET] != TUNNEL_COMPLETE))
      /* when using an HTTP tunnel proxy, await complete tunnel establishment
         before proceeding further. Return CURLE_OK so we'll be called again */
      return CURLE_OK;

    if(conn->handler->connect_it) {
      /* is there a protocol-specific connect() procedure? */

      /* Call the protocol-specific connect function */
      result = conn->handler->connect_it(conn, protocol_done);
    }
    else
      *protocol_done = TRUE;

    /* it has started, possibly even completed but that knowledge isn't stored
       in this bit! */
    if(!result)
      conn->bits.protoconnstart = TRUE;
  }

  return result; /* pass back status */
}

/*
 * Helpers for IDNA convertions.
 */
static bool is_ASCII_name(const char *hostname)
{
  const unsigned char *ch = (const unsigned char*)hostname;

  while(*ch) {
    if(*ch++ & 0x80)
      return FALSE;
  }
  return TRUE;
}

#ifdef USE_LIBIDN
/*
 * Check if characters in hostname is allowed in Top Level Domain.
 */
static bool tld_check_name(struct SessionHandle *data,
                           const char *ace_hostname)
{
  size_t err_pos;
  char *uc_name = NULL;
  int rc;
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_VERBOSE_STRINGS
  const char *tld_errmsg = "<no msg>";
#else
  (void)data;
#endif

  /* Convert (and downcase) ACE-name back into locale's character set */
  rc = idna_to_unicode_lzlz(ace_hostname, &uc_name, 0);
  if(rc != IDNA_SUCCESS)
    return FALSE;

  rc = tld_check_lz(uc_name, &err_pos, NULL);
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_VERBOSE_STRINGS
#ifdef HAVE_TLD_STRERROR
  if(rc != TLD_SUCCESS)
    tld_errmsg = tld_strerror((Tld_rc)rc);
#endif
  if(rc == TLD_INVALID)
    infof(data, "WARNING: %s; pos %u = `%c'/0x%02X\n",
          tld_errmsg, err_pos, uc_name[err_pos],
          uc_name[err_pos] & 255);
  else if(rc != TLD_SUCCESS)
    infof(data, "WARNING: TLD check for %s failed; %s\n",
          uc_name, tld_errmsg);
#endif /* CURL_DISABLE_VERBOSE_STRINGS */
  if(uc_name)
     idn_free(uc_name);
  if(rc != TLD_SUCCESS)
    return FALSE;

  return TRUE;
}
#endif

/*
 * Perform any necessary IDN conversion of hostname
 */
static void fix_hostname(struct SessionHandle *data,
                         struct connectdata *conn, struct hostname *host)
{
  size_t len;

#ifndef USE_LIBIDN
  (void)data;
  (void)conn;
#elif defined(CURL_DISABLE_VERBOSE_STRINGS)
  (void)conn;
#endif

  /* set the name we use to display the host name */
  host->dispname = host->name;

  len = strlen(host->name);
  if(host->name[len-1] == '.')
    /* strip off a single trailing dot if present, primarily for SNI but
       there's no use for it */
    host->name[len-1]=0;

  if(!is_ASCII_name(host->name)) {
#ifdef USE_LIBIDN
  /*************************************************************
   * Check name for non-ASCII and convert hostname to ACE form.
   *************************************************************/
  if(stringprep_check_version(LIBIDN_REQUIRED_VERSION)) {
    char *ace_hostname = NULL;
    int rc = idna_to_ascii_lz(host->name, &ace_hostname, 0);
    infof (data, "Input domain encoded as `%s'\n",
           stringprep_locale_charset ());
    if(rc != IDNA_SUCCESS)
      infof(data, "Failed to convert %s to ACE; %s\n",
            host->name, Curl_idn_strerror(conn, rc));
    else {
      /* tld_check_name() displays a warning if the host name contains
         "illegal" characters for this TLD */
      (void)tld_check_name(data, ace_hostname);

      host->encalloc = ace_hostname;
      /* change the name pointer to point to the encoded hostname */
      host->name = host->encalloc;
    }
  }
#elif defined(USE_WIN32_IDN)
  /*************************************************************
   * Check name for non-ASCII and convert hostname to ACE form.
   *************************************************************/
    char *ace_hostname = NULL;
    int rc = curl_win32_idn_to_ascii(host->name, &ace_hostname);
    if(rc == 0)
      infof(data, "Failed to convert %s to ACE;\n",
            host->name);
    else {
      host->encalloc = ace_hostname;
      /* change the name pointer to point to the encoded hostname */
      host->name = host->encalloc;
    }
#else
    infof(data, "IDN support not present, can't parse Unicode domains\n");
#endif
  }
}

static void llist_dtor(void *user, void *element)
{
  (void)user;
  (void)element;
  /* Do nothing */
}

/*
 * Allocate and initialize a new connectdata object.
 */
static struct connectdata *allocate_conn(struct SessionHandle *data)
{
  struct connectdata *conn = calloc(1, sizeof(struct connectdata));
  if(!conn)
    return NULL;

  conn->handler = &Curl_handler_dummy;  /* Be sure we have a handler defined
                                           already from start to avoid NULL
                                           situations and checks */

  /* and we setup a few fields in case we end up actually using this struct */

  conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET] = CURL_SOCKET_BAD;     /* no file descriptor */
  conn->sock[SECONDARYSOCKET] = CURL_SOCKET_BAD; /* no file descriptor */
  conn->tempsock[0] = CURL_SOCKET_BAD; /* no file descriptor */
  conn->tempsock[1] = CURL_SOCKET_BAD; /* no file descriptor */
  conn->connection_id = -1;    /* no ID */
  conn->port = -1; /* unknown at this point */
  conn->remote_port = -1; /* unknown */

  /* Default protocol-independent behavior doesn't support persistent
     connections, so we set this to force-close. Protocols that support
     this need to set this to FALSE in their "curl_do" functions. */
  connclose(conn, "Default to force-close");

  /* Store creation time to help future close decision making */
  conn->created = Curl_tvnow();

  conn->data = data; /* Setup the association between this connection
                        and the SessionHandle */

  conn->proxytype = data->set.proxytype; /* type */

#ifdef CURL_DISABLE_PROXY

  conn->bits.proxy = FALSE;
  conn->bits.httpproxy = FALSE;
  conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd = FALSE;
  conn->bits.tunnel_proxy = FALSE;

#else /* CURL_DISABLE_PROXY */

  /* note that these two proxy bits are now just on what looks to be
     requested, they may be altered down the road */
  conn->bits.proxy = (data->set.str[STRING_PROXY] &&
                      *data->set.str[STRING_PROXY])?TRUE:FALSE;
  conn->bits.httpproxy = (conn->bits.proxy &&
                          (conn->proxytype == CURLPROXY_HTTP ||
                           conn->proxytype == CURLPROXY_HTTP_1_0))?TRUE:FALSE;
  conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd =
    (NULL != data->set.str[STRING_PROXYUSERNAME])?TRUE:FALSE;
  conn->bits.tunnel_proxy = data->set.tunnel_thru_httpproxy;

#endif /* CURL_DISABLE_PROXY */

  conn->bits.user_passwd = (NULL != data->set.str[STRING_USERNAME])?TRUE:FALSE;
  conn->bits.ftp_use_epsv = data->set.ftp_use_epsv;
  conn->bits.ftp_use_eprt = data->set.ftp_use_eprt;

  conn->verifypeer = data->set.ssl.verifypeer;
  conn->verifyhost = data->set.ssl.verifyhost;

  conn->ip_version = data->set.ipver;

#if !defined(CURL_DISABLE_HTTP) && defined(USE_NTLM) && \
    defined(NTLM_WB_ENABLED)
  conn->ntlm_auth_hlpr_socket = CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
  conn->ntlm_auth_hlpr_pid = 0;
  conn->challenge_header = NULL;
  conn->response_header = NULL;
#endif

  if(Curl_multi_pipeline_enabled(data->multi) &&
      !conn->master_buffer) {
    /* Allocate master_buffer to be used for pipelining */
    conn->master_buffer = calloc(BUFSIZE, sizeof (char));
    if(!conn->master_buffer)
      goto error;
  }

  /* Initialize the pipeline lists */
  conn->send_pipe = Curl_llist_alloc((curl_llist_dtor) llist_dtor);
  conn->recv_pipe = Curl_llist_alloc((curl_llist_dtor) llist_dtor);
  if(!conn->send_pipe || !conn->recv_pipe)
    goto error;

#ifdef HAVE_GSSAPI
  conn->data_prot = PROT_CLEAR;
#endif

  /* Store the local bind parameters that will be used for this connection */
  if(data->set.str[STRING_DEVICE]) {
    conn->localdev = strdup(data->set.str[STRING_DEVICE]);
    if(!conn->localdev)
      goto error;
  }
  conn->localportrange = data->set.localportrange;
  conn->localport = data->set.localport;

  /* the close socket stuff needs to be copied to the connection struct as
     it may live on without (this specific) SessionHandle */
  conn->fclosesocket = data->set.fclosesocket;
  conn->closesocket_client = data->set.closesocket_client;

  return conn;
  error:

  Curl_llist_destroy(conn->send_pipe, NULL);
  Curl_llist_destroy(conn->recv_pipe, NULL);

  conn->send_pipe = NULL;
  conn->recv_pipe = NULL;

  free(conn->master_buffer);
  free(conn->localdev);
  free(conn);
  return NULL;
}

static CURLcode findprotocol(struct SessionHandle *data,
                             struct connectdata *conn,
                             const char *protostr)
{
  const struct Curl_handler * const *pp;
  const struct Curl_handler *p;

  /* Scan protocol handler table and match against 'protostr' to set a few
     variables based on the URL. Now that the handler may be changed later
     when the protocol specific setup function is called. */
  for(pp = protocols; (p = *pp) != NULL; pp++) {
    if(Curl_raw_equal(p->scheme, protostr)) {
      /* Protocol found in table. Check if allowed */
      if(!(data->set.allowed_protocols & p->protocol))
        /* nope, get out */
        break;

      /* it is allowed for "normal" request, now do an extra check if this is
         the result of a redirect */
      if(data->state.this_is_a_follow &&
         !(data->set.redir_protocols & p->protocol))
        /* nope, get out */
        break;

      /* Perform setup complement if some. */
      conn->handler = conn->given = p;

      /* 'port' and 'remote_port' are set in setup_connection_internals() */
      return CURLE_OK;
    }
  }


  /* The protocol was not found in the table, but we don't have to assign it
     to anything since it is already assigned to a dummy-struct in the
     create_conn() function when the connectdata struct is allocated. */
  failf(data, "Protocol \"%s\" not supported or disabled in " LIBCURL_NAME,
        protostr);

  return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
}

/*
 * Parse URL and fill in the relevant members of the connection struct.
 */
static CURLcode parseurlandfillconn(struct SessionHandle *data,
                                    struct connectdata *conn,
                                    bool *prot_missing,
                                    char **userp, char **passwdp,
                                    char **optionsp)
{
  char *at;
  char *fragment;
  char *path = data->state.path;
  char *query;
  int rc;
  char protobuf[16] = "";
  const char *protop = "";
  CURLcode result;
  bool rebuild_url = FALSE;

  *prot_missing = FALSE;

  /* We might pass the entire URL into the request so we need to make sure
   * there are no bad characters in there.*/
  if(strpbrk(data->change.url, "\r\n")) {
    failf(data, "Illegal characters found in URL");
    return CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT;
  }

  /*************************************************************
   * Parse the URL.
   *
   * We need to parse the url even when using the proxy, because we will need
   * the hostname and port in case we are trying to SSL connect through the
   * proxy -- and we don't know if we will need to use SSL until we parse the
   * url ...
   ************************************************************/
  if((2 == sscanf(data->change.url, "%15[^:]:%[^\n]",
                  protobuf, path)) &&
     Curl_raw_equal(protobuf, "file")) {
    if(path[0] == '/' && path[1] == '/') {
      /* Allow omitted hostname (e.g. file:/<path>).  This is not strictly
       * speaking a valid file: URL by RFC 1738, but treating file:/<path> as
       * file://localhost/<path> is similar to how other schemes treat missing
       * hostnames.  See RFC 1808. */

      /* This cannot be done with strcpy() in a portable manner, since the
         memory areas overlap! */
      memmove(path, path + 2, strlen(path + 2)+1);
    }
    /*
     * we deal with file://<host>/<path> differently since it supports no
     * hostname other than "localhost" and "127.0.0.1", which is unique among
     * the URL protocols specified in RFC 1738
     */
    if(path[0] != '/') {
      /* the URL included a host name, we ignore host names in file:// URLs
         as the standards don't define what to do with them */
      char *ptr=strchr(path, '/');
      if(ptr) {
        /* there was a slash present

           RFC1738 (section 3.1, page 5) says:

           The rest of the locator consists of data specific to the scheme,
           and is known as the "url-path". It supplies the details of how the
           specified resource can be accessed. Note that the "/" between the
           host (or port) and the url-path is NOT part of the url-path.

           As most agents use file://localhost/foo to get '/foo' although the
           slash preceding foo is a separator and not a slash for the path,
           a URL as file://localhost//foo must be valid as well, to refer to
           the same file with an absolute path.
        */

        if(ptr[1] && ('/' == ptr[1]))
          /* if there was two slashes, we skip the first one as that is then
             used truly as a separator */
          ptr++;

        /* This cannot be made with strcpy, as the memory chunks overlap! */
        memmove(path, ptr, strlen(ptr)+1);
      }
    }

    protop = "file"; /* protocol string */
  }
  else {
    /* clear path */
    path[0]=0;

    if(2 > sscanf(data->change.url,
                   "%15[^\n:]://%[^\n/?]%[^\n]",
                   protobuf,
                   conn->host.name, path)) {

      /*
       * The URL was badly formatted, let's try the browser-style _without_
       * protocol specified like 'http://'.
       */
      rc = sscanf(data->change.url, "%[^\n/?]%[^\n]", conn->host.name, path);
      if(1 > rc) {
        /*
         * We couldn't even get this format.
         * djgpp 2.04 has a sscanf() bug where 'conn->host.name' is
         * assigned, but the return value is EOF!
         */
#if defined(__DJGPP__) && (DJGPP_MINOR == 4)
        if(!(rc == -1 && *conn->host.name))
#endif
        {
          failf(data, "<url> malformed");
          return CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT;
        }
      }

      /*
       * Since there was no protocol part specified, we guess what protocol it
       * is based on the first letters of the server name.
       */

      /* Note: if you add a new protocol, please update the list in
       * lib/version.c too! */

      if(checkprefix("FTP.", conn->host.name))
        protop = "ftp";
      else if(checkprefix("DICT.", conn->host.name))
        protop = "DICT";
      else if(checkprefix("LDAP.", conn->host.name))
        protop = "LDAP";
      else if(checkprefix("IMAP.", conn->host.name))
        protop = "IMAP";
      else if(checkprefix("SMTP.", conn->host.name))
        protop = "smtp";
      else if(checkprefix("POP3.", conn->host.name))
        protop = "pop3";
      else {
        protop = "http";
      }

      *prot_missing = TRUE; /* not given in URL */
    }
    else
      protop = protobuf;
  }

  /* We search for '?' in the host name (but only on the right side of a
   * @-letter to allow ?-letters in username and password) to handle things
   * like http://example.com?param= (notice the missing '/').
   */
  at = strchr(conn->host.name, '@');
  if(at)
    query = strchr(at+1, '?');
  else
    query = strchr(conn->host.name, '?');

  if(query) {