Detected by UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer

Closes #3187

Closes #3182

Closes #3186

CVE-2018-16839
Reported-by: Harry Sintonen
Bug: https://curl.haxx.se/docs/CVE-2018-16839.html

Regression from b46cfbc0 (7.59.0)
CVE-2018-16840
Reported-by: Brian Carpenter (Geeknik Labs)

Bug: https://curl.haxx.se/docs/CVE-2018-16840.html

system.h selects the proper Sun settings when __SUNPRO_C is defined. The
Sun compiler does not define it when compiling C++ files.  I'm adding a
check also on __SUNPRO_CC to allow curl to work properly also when used
in a C++ project on Sun Solaris.

Closes #3181

The version used for Gskit, NSS, GnuTLS, WolfSSL and schannel.

Available in the root, src and lib dirs.

Closes #3163

See: https://curl.haxx.se/mail/lib-2018-10/0107.html

Use an unsigned variable: as the signed operation behavior is undefined,
this change silents clang-tidy about it.

Ref: https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/3163
Reported-By: Daniel Stenberg

If Curl_protocol_connect() returns an error code,
handle the error instead of switching to the next state.

Closes #3170

When failing to set the 1.3 cipher suite, the wrong string pointer would
be used in the error message. Most often saying "(nil)".

Reported-by: Ricky-Tigg on github
Fixes #3178
Closes #3180

... picked straight from the OpenSSL man page:
https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man3/SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites.html

Reported-by: Ricky-Tigg on github
Bug: #3178

This is required for gnutls-serv, which enables a few more tests.

Closes https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/2958

Ensure to clear the session object in case the libssh2 initialization
fails.

It could be argued that the libssh2 error function should be called to
get a proper error message in this case. But since the only error path
in libssh2_knownhost_init() is memory a allocation failure it's safest
to avoid since the libssh2 error handling allocates memory.

Closes #3179
Reviewed-by: Daniel Stenberg <daniel@haxx.se>

... I'm moving it up one week due to travels. The rest stays.

Closes #3176

Detected by clang-tidy

Closes #3176

Fixes #3171
Closes #3172

Reported-by: Gisle Vanem
Bug: https://github.com/curl/curl/commit/becfe1233ff2b6b0c3e1b6a10048b55b68c2539f#commitcomment-31008819
Closes #3161

Reported-by: Dima Pasechnik
Fixes #3143
Closes #3174

Compiling on _WIN32 and with USE_LWIPSOCK, causes this error:
  curl_rtmp.c(223,3):  error: use of undeclared identifier 'setsockopt'
    setsockopt(r->m_sb.sb_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO,
    ^
  curl_rtmp.c(41,32):  note: expanded from macro 'setsockopt'
  #define setsockopt(a,b,c,d,e) (setsockopt)(a,b,c,(const char *)d,(int)e)
                                 ^
Closes #3155

Follow-up to #3166 which did the cmake part of this. This type/define is
not used.

Closes #3168

Remove variables:
* HAVE_SOCKLEN_T
* CURL_SIZEOF_CURL_SOCKLEN_T
* CURL_TYPEOF_CURL_SOCKLEN_T

Closes #3166

The "connecting" function is used by multiple protocols, not only FTP

- Change the inout parameters after all needed memory has been
  allocated. Do not change them if something goes wrong.
- Free the allocated temporary strings if strdup() fails.

Closes #3122

Closes #3162

lwIP on Windows does not have a WSAIoctl() function. 
But it do have a SO_SNDBUF option to lwip_setsockopt(). But it currently does nothing.

... by making the converter function global and accessible.

Closes #3153

Follow-up to 05564e75. This function no longer frees the passed-in
URL.

Reported-by: Michael Kaufmann
Bug: https://github.com/curl/curl/commit/05564e750e8f0c79016c680f301ce251e6e86155#commitcomm
ent-30985666

Most headerfiles end with a /* <headerguard> */ comment, but it was
missing from some. The comment isn't the most important part of our
code documentation but consistency has an intrinsic value in itself.
This adds header guard comments to the files that were lacking it.

Closes #3158
Reviewed-by: Jay Satiro <raysatiro@yahoo.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Stenberg <daniel@haxx.se>

Closes https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/3159

Retract the previous approach as the sponsors will be the ones to set the
final amounts.

Closes #3152
[ci skip]

Curl_follow() no longer frees the string. Make sure it happens in the
caller function, like we normally handle allocations.

This bug was introduced with the use of the URL API internally, it has
never been in a release version

Reported-by: Dario Weißer
Closes #3149

Otherwise, closing that handle can still cause surprises!

Reported-by: Martin Ankerl
Fixes #3138
Closes #3147