After a few wasted hours hunting down the reason for slowness during a
TLS handshake that turned out to be because of TCP_NODELAY not being
set, I think we have enough motivation to toggle the default for this
option. We now enable TCP_NODELAY by default and allow applications to
switch it off.

This also makes --tcp-nodelay unnecessary, but --no-tcp-nodelay can be
used to disable it.

Thanks-to: Tim Rühsen
Bug: https://curl.haxx.se/mail/lib-2016-06/0143.html

When input stream for curl is stdin and input stream is not a file but
generated by a script then curl can truncate data transfer to arbitrary
size since a partial packet is treated as end of transfer by TFTP.

Fixes #857

Makes the script pass on comments holding meta data to the output
file. Like fingerprinters, issuer, date ranges etc.

Closes #937

Previously, passing a timeout of zero to Curl_expire() was a magic code
for clearing all timeouts for the handle. That is now instead made with
the new Curl_expire_clear() function and thus a 0 timeout is fine to set
and will trigger a timeout ASAP.

This will help removing short delays, in particular notable when doing
HTTP/2.

Regression added in 790d6de4. The was then added to avoid one
particular transfer to starve out others. But when aborting due to
reading the maxcount, the connection must be marked to be read from
again without first doing a select as for some protocols (like SFTP/SCP)
the data may already have been read off the socket.

Reported-by: Dan Donahue
Bug: https://curl.haxx.se/mail/lib-2016-07/0057.html

Fixes #943

CVE-2016-5420
Bug: https://curl.haxx.se/docs/adv_20160803B.html

CVE-2016-5419
Bug: https://curl.haxx.se/docs/adv_20160803A.html
Reported-by: Bru Rom
Contributions-by: Eric Rescorla and Ray Satiro

CVE-2016-5421
Bug: https://curl.haxx.se/docs/adv_20160803C.html
Reported-by: Marcelo Echeverria and Fernando Muñoz

Closes #835

Closes #768

Closes #662

Closes #885

This patch is necessary so that curl compiles if MBEDTLS_DEBUG is
defined.

Bug: https://curl.haxx.se/mail/lib-2016-08/0001.html

Apparently due to a broken homebrew install

fixes #934
Closes #939

If a call to GetSystemDirectory fails, the `path` pointer that was
previously allocated would be leaked. This makes sure that `path` is
always freed.

Closes #938

Many applications assume the actual contents of the public types and use
that do for example forward declarations (saving them from including our
public header) which then breaks when we switch from void * to a struct
*.

I'm not convinced we were wrong, but since this practise seems
widespread enough I'm willing to (partly) step down.

Now libcurl uses the struct itself when it is built and it allows
applications to use the struct type if CURL_STRICTER is defined at the
time of the #include.

Reported-by: Peter Frühberger
Fixes #926

The check_library_exists_concat do not check crypt32 library properly.
So include it directly.

Bug: https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/917
Reported-by: Yonggang Luo

Bug: https://github.com/curl/curl/issues/935
Reported-by: Alain Danteny

Didn't work.

This reverts commit 50723585.

CI is failing due to missing libtoolize, so I'm trying this.

merged #931

Do not log compilation informational messages.

Bug: https://curl.haxx.se/mail/lib-2016-07/0070.html
Reported-by: Paul Howarth

As SPNEGO is only defined when these pre-processor variables are defined
there is no need to query them explicitly.

Typo introduced in commit ad5e9bfd.

... and make the distros link a proper link