include: revert 9adf3c47 and make public types void * again

Many applications assume the actual contents of the public types and use
that do for example forward declarations (saving them from including our
public header) which then breaks when we switch from void * to a struct
*.

I'm not convinced we were wrong, but since this practise seems
widespread enough I'm willing to (partly) step down.

Now libcurl uses the struct itself when it is built and it allows
applications to use the struct type if CURL_STRICTER is defined at the
time of the #include.

Reported-by: Peter Frühberger
Fixes #926