Fixes SF bug 1149: http://sourceforge.net/p/curl/bugs/1449/

There was a confusion between these: this commit tries to disambiguate them.
- Scope can be computed from the address itself.
- Scope id is scope dependent: it is currently defined as 1-based local
  interface index for link-local scoped addresses, and as a site index(?) for
  (obsolete) site-local addresses. Linux only supports it for link-local
  addresses.
The URL parser properly parses a scope id as an interface index, but stores it
in a field named "scope": confusion. The field has been renamed into "scope_id".
Curl_if2ip() used the scope id as it was a scope. This caused failures
to bind to an interface.
Scope is now computed from the addresses and Curl_if2ip() matches them.
If redundantly specified in the URL, scope id is check for mismatch with
the interface index.

This commit should fix SF bug #1451.

Bug: http://curl.haxx.se/mail/lib-2014-12/0103.html
Pathed-by: Marc Renault

As the former contruct apparently caused a compiler warning, mentioned
in d8efde07.

There was a mix of GlobCode, CURLcode and ints and they were mostly
passing around CURLcode errors. This change makes the functions use only
CURLcode and removes the GlobCode type completely.

The loop in glob_next_url() needs to be done backwards to maintain the
logic. dc197894 caused test 1235 to fail.

Change CURLOPT_TIMEOUT doc to warn that if CURLOPT_TIMEOUT and
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS are both set whichever one is set last is the one
that will be used.

Prior to this change that behavior was only noted in the
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS doc.

Commit b13923f0 changed an snprintf() to use aprintf(), but the API usage
wasn't correct, and was causing a crash to occur. This fixes it.

By counting from 0 and up instead of backwards like before, we remove
the need for the "funny" check of the unsigned variable when decreased
passed zero. Easier to read and less risk for compiler warnings.

The >= 0 is actually not required, since i underflows and
the for-loop is stopped using the < condition, but this
makes the VS2012 compiler and code analysis happy.

Fixes code analysis warning C6031:
return value ignored: <function> could return unexpected value

warning C28252: Inconsistent annotation for function:
parameter has another annotation on this instance

smb.c:320: warning C6297: Arithmetic overflow: 32-bit value is shifted,
           then cast to 64-bit value. Result may not be an expected
           value

Rather than testing against _WIN32 use the preferred HAVE_PROCESS_H
pre-processor define when including process.h.

... to avoid using a fixed memory size that risks being too large or too
small.

- do not grow memory by doubling its size
- do not leak previously allocated memory if reallocation fails
- replace while-loop with a single check to make sure
  that the requested amount of data fits into the buffer

Bug: http://curl.haxx.se/bug/view.cgi?id=1450
Reported-by: Warren Menzer

There is no need to set the 'state' and 'result' member variables to
SMB_REQUESTING (0) and CURLE_OK (0) after the allocation via calloc()
as calloc() initialises the contents to zero.

Use CURLE_BAD_CONTENT_ENCODING for bad type-2 Target Info security
buffers just like we do for bad decodes.

I don't think both of my fix ups from yesterday were needed to fix the
compilation warning, so remove the one that I think is unnecessary and
let the next Android autobuild prove/disprove it.

curl_ntlm_msgs.c:170: warning: conversion to 'short unsigned int' from
                      'int' may alter its value

curl_ntlm_msgs.c:169: warning: conversion to 'short unsigned int' from
                      'int' may alter its value

worldtimeserver.com seems also no longer available.

For getting the date header its not necessary to access special
pages or even CGI scripts - all pages including the main index
reply with the date header, therefore shortened URLs to domain.
Removed worldtime.com; added pool.ntp.org.

ftp.c:819: warning: unused parameter 'lineno'

For debugging purposes, and as per other protocols within curl, added
state change functions rather than changing the states directly.