url.c

  conn->path=(char *)malloc(urllen);
  if(NULL == conn->path)
    return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY; /* really bad error */

  /*************************************************************
   * Parse the URL.
   *
   * We need to parse the url even when using the proxy, because we will need
   * the hostname and port in case we are trying to SSL connect through the
   * proxy -- and we don't know if we will need to use SSL until we parse the
   * url ...
   ************************************************************/
  if((2 == sscanf(data->change.url, "%64[^:]:%[^\n]",
                  conn->protostr,
                  conn->path)) && strequal(conn->protostr, "file")) {
    if(conn->path[0] == '/' && conn->path[1] == '/') {
      /* Allow omitted hostname (e.g. file:/<path>).  This is not strictly
       * speaking a valid file: URL by RFC 1738, but treating file:/<path> as
       * file://localhost/<path> is similar to how other schemes treat missing
       * hostnames.  See RFC 1808. */

      /* This cannot be done with strcpy() in a portable manner, since the
         memory areas overlap! */
      memmove(conn->path, conn->path + 2, strlen(conn->path + 2)+1);
    }
    /*
     * we deal with file://<host>/<path> differently since it supports no
     * hostname other than "localhost" and "127.0.0.1", which is unique among
     * the URL protocols specified in RFC 1738
     */
    if(conn->path[0] != '/') {
      /* the URL included a host name, we ignore host names in file:// URLs
         as the standards don't define what to do with them */
      char *ptr=strchr(conn->path, '/');
      if(ptr) {
        /* there was a slash present

           RFC1738 (section 3.1, page 5) says:

           The rest of the locator consists of data specific to the scheme,
           and is known as the "url-path". It supplies the details of how the
           specified resource can be accessed. Note that the "/" between the
           host (or port) and the url-path is NOT part of the url-path.

           As most agents use file://localhost/foo to get '/foo' although the
           slash preceeding foo is a separator and not a slash for the path,
           a URL as file://localhost//foo must be valid as well, to refer to
           the same file with an absolute path.
        */

        if(ptr[1] && ('/' == ptr[1]))
          /* if there was two slashes, we skip the first one as that is then
             used truly as a separator */
          ptr++;

        /* This cannot be made with strcpy, as the memory chunks overlap! */
        memmove(conn->path, ptr, strlen(ptr)+1);
      }
    }

    strcpy(conn->protostr, "file"); /* store protocol string lowercase */
  }
  else {
    /* Set default host and default path */
    strcpy(conn->gname, "curl.haxx.se");
    strcpy(conn->path, "/");
    /* We need to search for '/' OR '?' - whichever comes first after host
     * name but before the path. We need to change that to handle things like
     * http://example.com?param= (notice the missing '/'). Later we'll insert
     * that missing slash at the beginning of the path.
     */
    if (2 > sscanf(data->change.url,
                   "%64[^\n:]://%512[^\n/?]%[^\n]",
                   conn->protostr, conn->gname, conn->path)) {

      /*
       * The URL was badly formatted, let's try the browser-style _without_
       * protocol specified like 'http://'.
       */
      if((1 > sscanf(data->change.url, "%512[^\n/?]%[^\n]",
                     conn->gname, conn->path)) ) {
        /*
         * We couldn't even get this format.
         */
        failf(data, "<url> malformed");
        return CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT;
      }

      /*
       * Since there was no protocol part specified, we guess what protocol it
       * is based on the first letters of the server name.
       */

      /* Note: if you add a new protocol, please update the list in
       * lib/version.c too! */

      if(checkprefix("GOPHER", conn->gname))
        strcpy(conn->protostr, "gopher");
#ifdef USE_SSLEAY
      else if(checkprefix("HTTPS", conn->gname))
        strcpy(conn->protostr, "https");
      else if(checkprefix("FTPS", conn->gname))
        strcpy(conn->protostr, "ftps");
#endif /* USE_SSLEAY */
      else if(checkprefix("FTP", conn->gname))
        strcpy(conn->protostr, "ftp");
      else if(checkprefix("TELNET", conn->gname))
        strcpy(conn->protostr, "telnet");
      else if (checkprefix("DICT", conn->gname))
        strcpy(conn->protostr, "DICT");
      else if (checkprefix("LDAP", conn->gname))
        strcpy(conn->protostr, "LDAP");
      else {
        strcpy(conn->protostr, "http");
      }

      conn->protocol |= PROT_MISSING; /* not given in URL */
    }
  }

  /* If the URL is malformatted (missing a '/' after hostname before path) we
   * insert a slash here. The only letter except '/' we accept to start a path
   * is '?'.
   */
  if(conn->path[0] == '?') {
    /* We need this function to deal with overlapping memory areas. We know
       that the memory area 'path' points to is 'urllen' bytes big and that
       is bigger than the path. Use +1 to move the zero byte too. */
    memmove(&conn->path[1], conn->path, strlen(conn->path)+1);
    conn->path[0] = '/';
  }

  /*
   * So if the URL was A://B/C,
   *   conn->protostr is A
   *   conn->gname is B
   *   conn->path is /C
   */

  /*************************************************************
   * Take care of proxy authentication stuff
   *************************************************************/
  if(conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd) {
    char proxyuser[MAX_CURL_USER_LENGTH]="";
    char proxypasswd[MAX_CURL_PASSWORD_LENGTH]="";

    sscanf(data->set.proxyuserpwd,
           "%" MAX_CURL_USER_LENGTH_TXT "[^:]:"
           "%" MAX_CURL_PASSWORD_LENGTH_TXT "[^\n]",
           proxyuser, proxypasswd);

    conn->proxyuser = strdup(proxyuser);
    if(!conn->proxyuser)
      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    
    conn->proxypasswd = strdup(proxypasswd);
    if(!conn->proxypasswd)
      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
  }

  /*************************************************************
   * Set a few convenience pointers
   *************************************************************/
  conn->name = conn->gname;
  conn->ppath = conn->path;
  conn->hostname = conn->name;

  /*************************************************************
   * Detect what (if any) proxy to use
   *************************************************************/
  if(!data->change.proxy) {
    /* If proxy was not specified, we check for default proxy environment
     * variables, to enable i.e Lynx compliance:
     *
     * http_proxy=http://some.server.dom:port/
     * https_proxy=http://some.server.dom:port/
     * ftp_proxy=http://some.server.dom:port/
     * gopher_proxy=http://some.server.dom:port/
     * no_proxy=domain1.dom,host.domain2.dom
     *   (a comma-separated list of hosts which should
     *   not be proxied, or an asterisk to override
     *   all proxy variables)
     * all_proxy=http://some.server.dom:port/
     *   (seems to exist for the CERN www lib. Probably
     *   the first to check for.)
     *
     * For compatibility, the all-uppercase versions of these variables are
     * checked if the lowercase versions don't exist.
     */
    char *no_proxy=NULL;
    char *no_proxy_tok_buf;
    char *proxy=NULL;
    char proxy_env[128];

    no_proxy=curl_getenv("no_proxy");
    if(!no_proxy)
      no_proxy=curl_getenv("NO_PROXY");

    if(!no_proxy || !strequal("*", no_proxy)) {
      /* NO_PROXY wasn't specified or it wasn't just an asterisk */
      char *nope;

      nope=no_proxy?strtok_r(no_proxy, ", ", &no_proxy_tok_buf):NULL;
      while(nope) {
        unsigned int namelen;
        char *endptr = strchr(conn->name, ':');
        if(endptr)
          namelen=endptr-conn->name;
        else
          namelen=strlen(conn->name);

        if(strlen(nope) <= namelen) {
          char *checkn=
            conn->name + namelen - strlen(nope);
          if(checkprefix(nope, checkn)) {
            /* no proxy for this host! */
            break;
          }
        }
	nope=strtok_r(NULL, ", ", &no_proxy_tok_buf);
      }
      if(!nope) {
	/* It was not listed as without proxy */
	char *protop = conn->protostr;
	char *envp = proxy_env;
	char *prox;

	/* Now, build <protocol>_proxy and check for such a one to use */
	while(*protop)
	  *envp++ = tolower(*protop++);

	/* append _proxy */
	strcpy(envp, "_proxy");

	/* read the protocol proxy: */
	prox=curl_getenv(proxy_env);

        /*
         * We don't try the uppercase version of HTTP_PROXY because of
         * security reasons:
         *
         * When curl is used in a webserver application
         * environment (cgi or php), this environment variable can
         * be controlled by the web server user by setting the
         * http header 'Proxy:' to some value.
         *
         * This can cause 'internal' http/ftp requests to be
         * arbitrarily redirected by any external attacker.
         */
	if(!prox && !strequal("http_proxy", proxy_env)) {
          /* There was no lowercase variable, try the uppercase version: */
	  for(envp = proxy_env; *envp; envp++)
	    *envp = toupper(*envp);
	  prox=curl_getenv(proxy_env);
	}

	if(prox && *prox) { /* don't count "" strings */
	  proxy = prox; /* use this */
	}
	else {
	  proxy = curl_getenv("all_proxy"); /* default proxy to use */
	  if(!proxy)
            proxy=curl_getenv("ALL_PROXY");
	}

        if(proxy && *proxy) {
          /* we have a proxy here to set */
          char *ptr;
          char proxyuser[MAX_CURL_USER_LENGTH];
          char proxypasswd[MAX_CURL_PASSWORD_LENGTH];

          /* skip the possible protocol piece */
          ptr=strstr(proxy, "://");
          if(ptr)
            ptr += 3;
          else
            ptr = proxy;

          /* check for an @-letter */
          ptr = strchr(ptr, '@');
          if(ptr && (2 == sscanf(proxy, "%" MAX_CURL_USER_LENGTH_TXT"[^:]:"
                                 "%" MAX_CURL_PASSWORD_LENGTH_TXT "[^@]",
                                 proxyuser, proxypasswd))) {
            /* found user and password, rip them out */
            Curl_safefree(conn->proxyuser);
            conn->proxyuser = strdup(proxyuser);

            if(!conn->proxyuser)
              return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            
            Curl_safefree(conn->proxypasswd);
            conn->proxypasswd = strdup(proxypasswd);

            if(!conn->proxypasswd)
              return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            
            conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd = TRUE; /* enable it */

            ptr = strdup(ptr+1);
            free(proxy); /* free the former data */
            proxy = ptr; /* now use this instead */
          }


          data->change.proxy = proxy;
          data->change.proxy_alloc=TRUE; /* this needs to be freed later */
          conn->bits.httpproxy = TRUE;
        }
      } /* if (!nope) - it wasn't specified non-proxy */
    } /* NO_PROXY wasn't specified or '*' */
    if(no_proxy)
      free(no_proxy);
  } /* if not using proxy */

  /*************************************************************
   * No protocol part in URL was used, add it!
   *************************************************************/
  if(conn->protocol&PROT_MISSING) {
    /* We're guessing prefixes here and if we're told to use a proxy or if
       we're gonna follow a Location: later or... then we need the protocol
       part added so that we have a valid URL. */
    char *reurl;

    reurl = aprintf("%s://%s", conn->protostr, data->change.url);

    if(!reurl)
      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

    data->change.url = reurl;
    data->change.url_alloc = TRUE; /* free this later */
    conn->protocol &= ~PROT_MISSING; /* switch that one off again */
  }

#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_HTTP
  /************************************************************
   * RESUME on a HTTP page is a tricky business. First, let's just check that
   * 'range' isn't used, then set the range parameter and leave the resume as
   * it is to inform about this situation for later use. We will then
   * "attempt" to resume, and if we're talking to a HTTP/1.1 (or later)
   * server, we will get the document resumed. If we talk to a HTTP/1.0
   * server, we just fail since we can't rewind the file writing from within
   * this function.
   ***********************************************************/
  if(conn->resume_from) {
    if(!conn->bits.use_range) {
      /* if it already was in use, we just skip this */
      snprintf(resumerange, sizeof(resumerange), "%d-", conn->resume_from);
      conn->range=strdup(resumerange); /* tell ourselves to fetch this range */
      conn->bits.rangestringalloc = TRUE; /* mark as allocated */
      conn->bits.use_range = 1; /* switch on range usage */
    }
  }
#endif
  /*************************************************************
   * Setup internals depending on protocol
   *************************************************************/

  if (strequal(conn->protostr, "HTTP")) {
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_HTTP
    conn->port = (data->set.use_port && data->state.allow_port)?
      data->set.use_port:PORT_HTTP;
    conn->remote_port = PORT_HTTP;
    conn->protocol |= PROT_HTTP;
    conn->curl_do = Curl_http;
    conn->curl_do_more = NULL;
    conn->curl_done = Curl_http_done;
    conn->curl_connect = Curl_http_connect;
#else
    failf(data, LIBCURL_NAME
          " was built with HTTP disabled, http: not supported!");
    return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
#endif
  }
  else if (strequal(conn->protostr, "HTTPS")) {
#if defined(USE_SSLEAY) && !defined(CURL_DISABLE_HTTP)

    conn->port = (data->set.use_port && data->state.allow_port)?
      data->set.use_port:PORT_HTTPS;
    conn->remote_port = PORT_HTTPS;
    conn->protocol |= PROT_HTTP|PROT_HTTPS|PROT_SSL;

    conn->curl_do = Curl_http;
    conn->curl_do_more = NULL;
    conn->curl_done = Curl_http_done;
    conn->curl_connect = Curl_http_connect;

#else /* USE_SSLEAY */
    failf(data, LIBCURL_NAME
          " was built with SSL disabled, https: not supported!");
    return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
#endif /* !USE_SSLEAY */
  }
  else if (strequal(conn->protostr, "GOPHER")) {
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_GOPHER
    conn->port = (data->set.use_port && data->state.allow_port)?
      data->set.use_port:PORT_GOPHER;
    conn->remote_port = PORT_GOPHER;
    /* Skip /<item-type>/ in path if present */
    if (isdigit((int)conn->path[1])) {
      conn->ppath = strchr(&conn->path[1], '/');
      if (conn->ppath == NULL)
	conn->ppath = conn->path;
      }
    conn->protocol |= PROT_GOPHER;
    conn->curl_do = Curl_http;
    conn->curl_do_more = NULL;
    conn->curl_done = Curl_http_done;
#else
    failf(data, LIBCURL_NAME
          " was built with GOPHER disabled, gopher: not supported!");
#endif
  }
  else if(strequal(conn->protostr, "FTP") ||
          strequal(conn->protostr, "FTPS")) {

/* MN 06/07/02 */
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_FTP
    char *type;

    if(strequal(conn->protostr, "FTPS")) {
#ifdef USE_SSLEAY
      conn->protocol |= PROT_FTPS|PROT_SSL;
      conn->ssl[SECONDARYSOCKET].use = TRUE; /* send data securely */
#else
      failf(data, LIBCURL_NAME
            " was built with SSL disabled, ftps: not supported!");
      return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
#endif /* !USE_SSLEAY */
    }

    conn->port = (data->set.use_port && data->state.allow_port)?
      data->set.use_port:PORT_FTP;
    conn->remote_port = PORT_FTP;
    conn->protocol |= PROT_FTP;

    if(data->change.proxy &&
       *data->change.proxy &&
       !data->set.tunnel_thru_httpproxy) {
      /* Unless we have asked to tunnel ftp operations through the proxy, we
         switch and use HTTP operations only */
      if(conn->protocol & PROT_FTPS) {
        /* FTPS is a hacked protocol and does not work through your
           ordinary http proxy! */
        failf(data, "ftps does not work through http proxy!");
        return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
      }
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_HTTP
      conn->curl_do = Curl_http;
      conn->curl_done = Curl_http_done;
#else
      failf(data, "FTP over http proxy requires HTTP support built-in!");
      return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
#endif
    }
    else {
      conn->curl_do = Curl_ftp;
      conn->curl_do_more = Curl_ftp_nextconnect;
      conn->curl_done = Curl_ftp_done;
      conn->curl_connect = Curl_ftp_connect;
      conn->curl_disconnect = Curl_ftp_disconnect;
    }

    conn->ppath++; /* don't include the initial slash */

    /* FTP URLs support an extension like ";type=<typecode>" that
     * we'll try to get now! */
    type=strstr(conn->ppath, ";type=");
    if(!type) {
      type=strstr(conn->gname, ";type=");
    }
    if(type) {
      char command;
      *type=0;                     /* it was in the middle of the hostname */
      command = toupper(type[6]);
      switch(command) {
      case 'A': /* ASCII mode */
	data->set.ftp_ascii = 1;
	break;
      case 'D': /* directory mode */
	data->set.ftp_list_only = 1;
	break;
      case 'I': /* binary mode */
      default:
	/* switch off ASCII */
	data->set.ftp_ascii = 0;
	break;
      }
    }

/* MN 06/07/02 */
#else /* CURL_DISABLE_FTP */
    failf(data, LIBCURL_NAME
          " was built with FTP disabled, ftp/ftps: not supported!");
    return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
#endif
  }
  else if(strequal(conn->protostr, "TELNET")) {
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_TELNET
    /* telnet testing factory */
    conn->protocol |= PROT_TELNET;

    conn->port = (data->set.use_port && data->state.allow_port)?
      data->set.use_port: PORT_TELNET;
    conn->remote_port = PORT_TELNET;
    conn->curl_do = Curl_telnet;
    conn->curl_done = Curl_telnet_done;
#else
    failf(data, LIBCURL_NAME
          " was built with TELNET disabled!");
#endif
  }
  else if (strequal(conn->protostr, "DICT")) {
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_DICT
    conn->protocol |= PROT_DICT;
    conn->port = (data->set.use_port && data->state.allow_port)?
      data->set.use_port:PORT_DICT;
    conn->remote_port = PORT_DICT;
    conn->curl_do = Curl_dict;
    conn->curl_done = NULL; /* no DICT-specific done */
#else
    failf(data, LIBCURL_NAME
          " was built with DICT disabled!");
#endif
  }
  else if (strequal(conn->protostr, "LDAP")) {
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_LDAP
    conn->protocol |= PROT_LDAP;
    conn->port = (data->set.use_port && data->state.allow_port)?
      data->set.use_port:PORT_LDAP;
    conn->remote_port = PORT_LDAP;
    conn->curl_do = Curl_ldap;
    conn->curl_done = NULL; /* no LDAP-specific done */
#else
    failf(data, LIBCURL_NAME
          " was built with LDAP disabled!");
#endif
  }
  else if (strequal(conn->protostr, "FILE")) {
#ifndef CURL_DISABLE_FILE
    conn->protocol |= PROT_FILE;

    conn->curl_do = Curl_file;
    /* no done() function */

    /* anyway, this is supposed to be the connect function so we better
       at least check that the file is present here! */
    result = Curl_file_connect(conn);

    /* Setup a "faked" transfer that'll do nothing */
    if(CURLE_OK == result) {
      conn->bits.tcpconnect = TRUE; /* we are "connected */
      result = Curl_Transfer(conn, -1, -1, FALSE, NULL, /* no download */
                             -1, NULL); /* no upload */
    }

    return result;
#else
    failf(data, LIBCURL_NAME
          " was built with FILE disabled!");
#endif
  }
  else {
    /* We fell through all checks and thus we don't support the specified
       protocol */
    failf(data, "Unsupported protocol: %s", conn->protostr);
    return CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
  }

  /*************************************************************
   * Figure out the remote port number
   *
   * No matter if we use a proxy or not, we have to figure out the remote
   * port number of various reasons.
   *
   * To be able to detect port number flawlessly, we must not confuse them
   * IPv6-specified addresses in the [0::1] style. (RFC2732)
   *
   * The conn->name is currently [user:passwd@]host[:port] where host could
   * be a hostname, IPv4 address or IPv6 address.
   *************************************************************/
  if((1 == sscanf(conn->name, "[%*39[0-9a-fA-F:.]%c", &endbracket)) &&
     (']' == endbracket)) {
    /* this is a RFC2732-style specified IP-address */
    conn->bits.ipv6_ip = TRUE;

    conn->name++; /* pass the starting bracket */
    conn->hostname++;
    tmp = strchr(conn->name, ']');
    *tmp = 0; /* zero terminate */
    tmp++; /* pass the ending bracket */
    if(':' != *tmp)
      tmp = NULL; /* no port number available */
  }
  else
    tmp = strrchr(conn->name, ':');

  if (tmp) {
    char *rest;
    unsigned long port;

    port=strtoul(tmp+1, &rest, 10);  /* Port number must be decimal */

    if (rest != (tmp+1) && *rest == '\0') {
      /* The colon really did have only digits after it,
       * so it is either a port number or a mistake */

      if (port > 0xffff) {   /* Single unix standard says port numbers are
                              * 16 bits long */
        failf(data, "Port number too large: %lu", port);
        return CURLE_URL_MALFORMAT;
      }

      *tmp = '\0'; /* cut off the name there */
      conn->remote_port = (unsigned short)port;
    }
  }

  if(data->change.proxy && *data->change.proxy) {
    /* If this is supposed to use a proxy, we need to figure out the proxy
       host name name, so that we can re-use an existing connection
       that may exist registered to the same proxy host. */

    char *prox_portno;
    char *endofprot;

    /* We need to make a duplicate of the proxy so that we can modify the
       string safely. */
    char *proxydup=strdup(data->change.proxy);

    /* We use 'proxyptr' to point to the proxy name from now on... */
    char *proxyptr=proxydup;

    if(NULL == proxydup) {
      failf(data, "memory shortage");
      return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    /* Daniel Dec 10, 1998:
       We do the proxy host string parsing here. We want the host name and the
       port name. Accept a protocol:// prefix, even though it should just be
       ignored. */

    /* 1. skip the protocol part if present */
    endofprot=strstr(proxyptr, "://");
    if(endofprot) {
      proxyptr = endofprot+3;
    }

    /* allow user to specify proxy.server.com:1080 if desired */
    prox_portno = strchr (proxyptr, ':');
    if (prox_portno) {
      *prox_portno = 0x0; /* cut off number from host name */
      prox_portno ++;
      /* now set the local port number */
      conn->port = atoi(prox_portno);
    }
    else if(data->set.proxyport) {
      /* None given in the proxy string, then get the default one if it is
         given */
      conn->port = data->set.proxyport;
    }

    /* now, clone the cleaned proxy host name */
    conn->proxyhost = strdup(proxyptr);

    free(proxydup); /* free the duplicate pointer and not the modified */
  }

  /*************************************************************
   * Take care of user and password authentication stuff
   *************************************************************/

  /*
   * Inputs: data->set.userpwd   (CURLOPT_USERPWD)
   *         data->set.fpasswd   (CURLOPT_PASSWDFUNCTION)
   *         data->set.use_netrc (CURLOPT_NETRC)
   *         conn->hostname
   *         netrc file
   *         hard-coded defaults
   *
   * Outputs: (almost :- all currently undefined)
   *          conn->bits.user_passwd  - non-zero if non-default passwords exist
   *          conn->user              - non-zero length if defined
   *          conn->passwd            -   ditto
   *          conn->hostname          - remove user name and password
   */

  /* At this point, we're hoping all the other special cases have
   * been taken care of, so conn->hostname is at most
   *    [user[:password]]@]hostname
   *
   * We need somewhere to put the embedded details, so do that first.
   */

  user[0] =0;   /* to make everything well-defined */
  passwd[0]=0;

  if (conn->protocol & (PROT_FTP|PROT_HTTP)) {
    /* This is a FTP or HTTP URL, we will now try to extract the possible
     * user+password pair in a string like:
     * ftp://user:password@ftp.my.site:8021/README */
    char *ptr=strchr(conn->name, '@');
    char *userpass = conn->name;
    if(ptr != NULL) {
      /* there's a user+password given here, to the left of the @ */

      conn->name = conn->hostname = ++ptr;

      /* So the hostname is sane.  Only bother interpreting the
       * results if we could care.  It could still be wasted
       * work because it might be overtaken by the programmatically
       * set user/passwd, but doing that first adds more cases here :-(
       */

      if (data->set.use_netrc != CURL_NETRC_REQUIRED) {
        /* We could use the one in the URL */

        conn->bits.user_passwd = 1; /* enable user+password */

        if(*userpass != ':') {
          /* the name is given, get user+password */
          sscanf(userpass, "%127[^:@]:%127[^@]",
                 user, passwd);
        }
        else
          /* no name given, get the password only */
          sscanf(userpass, ":%127[^@]", passwd);

        if(user[0]) {
          char *newname=curl_unescape(user, 0);
          if(strlen(newname) < sizeof(user)) {
            strcpy(user, newname);
          }
          /* if the new name is longer than accepted, then just use
             the unconverted name, it'll be wrong but what the heck */
          free(newname);
        }
        if (passwd[0]) {
          /* we have a password found in the URL, decode it! */
          char *newpasswd=curl_unescape(passwd, 0);
          if(strlen(newpasswd) < sizeof(passwd)) {
            strcpy(passwd, newpasswd);
          }
          free(newpasswd);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /* Programmatically set password:
   *   - always applies, if available
   *   - takes precedence over the values we just set above
   * so scribble it over the top.
   * User-supplied passwords are assumed not to need unescaping.
   *
   * user_password is set in "inherite initial knowledge' above,
   * so it doesn't have to be set in this block
   */
  if (data->set.userpwd != NULL) {
    /* the name is given, get user+password */
    sscanf(data->set.userpwd,
           "%" MAX_CURL_USER_LENGTH_TXT "[^:]:"
           "%" MAX_CURL_PASSWORD_LENGTH_TXT "[^\n]",
           user, passwd);
  }

  if (data->set.use_netrc != CURL_NETRC_IGNORED) {
    if(Curl_parsenetrc(conn->hostname,
                       user, passwd,
                       data->set.netrc_file)) {
      infof(data, "Couldn't find host %s in the .netrc file, using defaults",
            conn->hostname);
    }
    else
      conn->bits.user_passwd = 1; /* enable user+password */
  }

  /* If our protocol needs a password and we have none, use the defaults */
  if ( (conn->protocol & PROT_FTP) &&
       !conn->bits.user_passwd) {

    conn->user = strdup(CURL_DEFAULT_USER);
    conn->passwd = strdup(CURL_DEFAULT_PASSWORD);

    /* This is the default password, so DON'T set conn->bits.user_passwd */
  }
  else {
    /* store user + password, zero-length if not set */
    conn->user = strdup(user);
    conn->passwd = strdup(passwd);
  }

  /*************************************************************
   * Check the current list of connections to see if we can
   * re-use an already existing one or if we have to create a
   * new one.
   *************************************************************/

  /* get a cloned copy of the SSL config situation stored in the 
     connection struct */
  if(!Curl_clone_ssl_config(&data->set.ssl, &conn->ssl_config))
    return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;

  /* reuse_fresh is set TRUE if we are told to use a fresh connection
     by force */
  if(!data->set.reuse_fresh &&
     ConnectionExists(data, conn, &conn_temp)) {
    /*
     * We already have a connection for this, we got the former connection
     * in the conn_temp variable and thus we need to cleanup the one we
     * just allocated before we can move along and use the previously
     * existing one.
     */
    struct connectdata *old_conn = conn;
    char *path = old_conn->path; /* setup the current path pointer properly */
    char *ppath = old_conn->ppath; /* this is the modified path pointer */
    if(old_conn->proxyhost)
      free(old_conn->proxyhost);

    /* free the SSL config struct from this connection struct as this was
       allocated in vain and is targeted for destruction */
    Curl_free_ssl_config(&conn->ssl_config);

    conn = conn_temp;        /* use this connection from now on */

    /* get the user+password information from the old_conn struct since it may
     * be new for this request even when we re-use an existing connection */
    conn->bits.user_passwd = old_conn->bits.user_passwd;
    conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd = conn->bits.proxy_user_passwd;

    /* If we speak over a proxy, we need to copy the host name too, as it
       might be another remote host even when re-using a connection */
    strcpy(conn->gname, old_conn->gname); /* safe strcpy() */

    /* we need these pointers if we speak over a proxy */
    conn->hostname = conn->gname;
    conn->name = &conn->gname[old_conn->name - old_conn->gname];

    free(conn->path);    /* free the previously allocated path pointer */

    /* 'path' points to the allocated data, 'ppath' may have been advanced
       to point somewhere within the 'path' area. */
    conn->path = path;
    conn->ppath = ppath;

    /* re-use init */
    conn->bits.reuse = TRUE; /* yes, we're re-using here */
    conn->bits.chunk = FALSE; /* always assume not chunked unless told
                                 otherwise */
    conn->maxdownload = -1;  /* might have been used previously! */

    Curl_safefree(old_conn->user);
    Curl_safefree(old_conn->passwd);
    Curl_safefree(old_conn->proxyuser);
    Curl_safefree(old_conn->proxypasswd);

    if(old_conn->bits.rangestringalloc)
      free(old_conn->range);

    free(old_conn);          /* we don't need this anymore */

    /*
     * If we're doing a resumed transfer, we need to setup our stuff
     * properly.
     */
    conn->resume_from = data->set.set_resume_from;
    if (conn->resume_from) {
      snprintf(resumerange, sizeof(resumerange), "%d-", conn->resume_from);
      if (conn->bits.rangestringalloc == TRUE)
        free(conn->range);

      /* tell ourselves to fetch this range */
      conn->range = strdup(resumerange);
      conn->bits.use_range = TRUE;        /* enable range download */
      conn->bits.rangestringalloc = TRUE; /* mark range string allocated */
    }
    else if (data->set.set_range) {
      /* There is a range, but is not a resume, useful for random ftp access */
      conn->range = strdup(data->set.set_range);
      conn->bits.rangestringalloc = TRUE; /* mark range string allocated */
      conn->bits.use_range = TRUE;        /* enable range download */
    }
    else
      conn->bits.use_range = FALSE; /* disable range download */

    *in_connect = conn;      /* return this instead! */

    infof(data, "Re-using existing connection! (#%d)\n", conn->connectindex);
  }
  else {
    /*
     * This is a brand new connection, so let's store it in the connection
     * cache of ours!
     */
    ConnectionStore(data, conn);
  }

  /* Continue connectdata initialization here.
   *
   * Inherit the proper values from the urldata struct AFTER we have arranged
   * the persistant conncetion stuff */
  conn->fread = data->set.fread;
  conn->fread_in = data->set.in;

  conn->bits.upload_chunky =
    ((conn->protocol&PROT_HTTP) &&
     data->set.upload &&
     (data->set.infilesize == -1) &&
     (data->set.httpversion != CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_0))?
    /* HTTP, upload, unknown file size and not HTTP 1.0 */
    TRUE:
  /* else, no chunky upload */
  FALSE;

#ifndef USE_ARES
  /*************************************************************
   * Set timeout if that is being used, and we're not using an asynchronous
   * name resolve.
   *************************************************************/
  if((data->set.timeout || data->set.connecttimeout) && !data->set.no_signal) {
    /*************************************************************
     * Set signal handler to catch SIGALRM
     * Store the old value to be able to set it back later!
     *************************************************************/

#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
    struct sigaction sigact;
    sigaction(SIGALRM, NULL, &sigact);
    keep_sigact = sigact;
    keep_copysig = TRUE; /* yes, we have a copy */
    sigact.sa_handler = alarmfunc;
#ifdef SA_RESTART
    /* HPUX doesn't have SA_RESTART but defaults to that behaviour! */
    sigact.sa_flags &= ~SA_RESTART;
#endif
    /* now set the new struct */
    sigaction(SIGALRM, &sigact, NULL);
#else
    /* no sigaction(), revert to the much lamer signal() */
#ifdef HAVE_SIGNAL
    keep_sigact = signal(SIGALRM, alarmfunc);
#endif
#endif

    /* We set the timeout on the name resolving phase first, separately from
     * the download/upload part to allow a maximum time on everything. This is
     * a signal-based timeout, why it won't work and shouldn't be used in
     * multi-threaded environments. */

#ifdef HAVE_ALARM
    /* alarm() makes a signal get sent when the timeout fires off, and that
       will abort system calls */
    prev_alarm = alarm(data->set.connecttimeout?
                       data->set.connecttimeout:
                       data->set.timeout);
    /* We can expect the conn->created time to be "now", as that was just
       recently set in the beginning of this function and nothing slow
       has been done since then until now. */
#endif
  }
#endif
  
  /*************************************************************
   * Resolve the name of the server or proxy
   *************************************************************/
  if(conn->bits.reuse) {
    /* re-used connection, no resolving is necessary */
    hostaddr = NULL;
    conn->connect_addr = NULL; /* we don't connect now so we don't have any
                                  fresh connect_addr struct to point to */
  }
  else if(!data->change.proxy || !*data->change.proxy) {
    /* If not connecting via a proxy, extract the port from the URL, if it is
     * there, thus overriding any defaults that might have been set above. */
    conn->port =  conn->remote_port; /* it is the same port */

    /* Resolve target host right on */
    rc = Curl_resolv(conn, conn->name, conn->port, &hostaddr);
    if(rc == 1)
      *async = TRUE;

    else if(!hostaddr) {
      failf(data, "Couldn't resolve host '%s'", conn->name);
      result =  CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_HOST;
      /* don't return yet, we need to clean up the timeout first */
    }
  }
  else {
    /* This is a proxy that hasn't been resolved yet. */

    /* resolve proxy */
    rc = Curl_resolv(conn, conn->proxyhost, conn->port, &hostaddr);

    if(rc == 1)
      *async = TRUE;

    else if(!hostaddr) {
      failf(data, "Couldn't resolve proxy '%s'", conn->proxyhost);
      result = CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_PROXY;
      /* don't return yet, we need to clean up the timeout first */