test/params_test.c: Add "real world" parameter testing

test/params_test.c is a program that tries to mimic how a provider and
an application would or could handle OSSL_PARAM arrays.

For the moment, this program tests a very raw way of handling
OSSL_PARAM arrays.  It is, however, written in a way that will
hopefully make it possible to extend with other methods as APIs arise,
and to set up test cases where a "provider" handles the array one way
while the "application" handles it another way.

Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <paul.dale@oracle.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/8396)