Patch-by: "Z98"

This reverts commit 558034ab as it appears to break the auto
builds. More thought is required for this!

The reason for this loop's existence was removed in commit
02fbc26d.

added 85. Wrong STARTTRANSFER timer accounting for POST requests

Our own printf() replacement clearly can't properly handle %.*s with a
string that isn't zero terminated. Instead of fixing the printf code or
even figuring out what the proper posix behavior is, I reverted this
piece of the code back to the previous version where it does malloc +
memcpy instead.

Regression added in e839446c, released in curl 7.32.0.

Reported-by: Felix Yan
Bug: http://curl.haxx.se/bug/view.cgi?id=1295

This patch adds a 200ms delay between the first and second address
family socket connection attempts.

It also iterates over IP addresses in the order returned by the
system, meaning most dual-stack systems will try IPv6 first.

Additionally, it refactors the connect code, removing most code that
handled synchronous connects. Since all sockets are now non-blocking,
the logic can be made simpler.

nss.c:702: warning: pointer targets in passing argument 3 of
'Curl_extract_certinfo' differ in signedness

nss.c:702: warning: pointer targets in passing argument 4 of
'Curl_extract_certinfo' differ in signedness

Made sure the cast was correctly "unsigned char *" to "char *" and not
"unsigned char *" to "unsigned char *".

nss.c:700: warning: pointer targets in passing argument 3 of
'Curl_extract_certinfo' differ in signedness

nss.c:700: warning: pointer targets in passing argument 4 of
'Curl_extract_certinfo' differ in signedness

This is temporary until curl supports either multiple custom commands
or post-quote commands in IMAP.

No need for a rhs condition on a bitwise compare.

warning: implicit declaration of function 'Curl_extract_certinfo'

warning: declaration of 'chsize' shadows a global declaration

Additionally corrected typos in --oauth2-bearer protocol list.

curl_sasl.c:294: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break
strict-aliasing rules

getpart.c:201: warning: dereferencing type-punned pointer will break
strict-aliasing rules

Introduced in commit 7d7df831 curl would loop displaying "Whut?"
if it was trying to connect to an address and port that didn't have
anything listening on it.

Renamed copy_header_value() to Curl_copy_header_value() as this
function is now non static.

Simplified proxy flag in Curl_http_input_auth() when calling
sub-functions.

Removed unnecessary white space removal when using negotiate as it had
been missed in commit cdccb422.

Regression since commit 5ca96cb8 (release in 7.33.0)

Reported-by: Marcin Gryszkalis

...following recent changes to Curl_base64_decode() rather than trying
to parse a header line for the authentication mechanisms which is CRLF
terminated and inline zero terminate it.

...following recent changes to Curl_base64_decode() rather than trying
to parse a header line for the authentication mechanisms which is CRLF
terminated and inline zero terminate it.

The code rejected 0 as a valid timeout while in fact the function could
indeed legitimately return that and it should be respected.

Reported-by: Bjorn Stenberg

Updated following the recent changes to support graceful failures
during the authentication phrase.