curl-compilers.m4: fix unknown-warning-option on Apple clang

Since 5598b0bd, clang -v is used to
detect the clang version. The version number was expected to come after
the word "version". For Apple clang, this doesn't work as it has its
own versioning scheme.
The version number is now first searched after the string
"based on LLVM". This works for Apple clang before version 7, and also
for e.g. Ubuntu's clang up to version 3.7. If it's not found and the
version string contains "Apple LLVM version", clang version 3.7 is
assumed, which is the version that comes with Xcode 7. Otherwise, the
version number is still expected after the word "version", which works
for very old Apple clang versions.

Ref: https://trac.macports.org/wiki/XcodeVersionInfo
Fixes https://github.com/curl/curl/issues/1606
Closes https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/1607