configure: ac_cv_ -> curl_cv_ for write-only vars

These configure vars are modified in a curl-specific way but never
evaluated or loaded from cache, even though they are designated as
_cv_. We could either implement proper AC_CACHE_CHECKs for them, or
remove them completely.

Fixes #603 as ac_cv_func_gethostbyname is no longer clobbered, and
AC_CHECK_FUNC(gethostbyname...) will no longer spuriously succeed after
the first configure run with caching.

`ac_cv_func_strcasecmp` is curious, see #770.

`eval "ac_cv_func_$func=yes"` can still cause problems as it works in
tandem with AC_CHECK_FUNCS and then potentially modifies its result. It
would be best to rewrite this test to use a new CURL_CHECK_FUNCS macro,
which works the same as AC_CHECK_FUNCS but relies on caching the values
of curl_cv_func_* variables, without modifiying ac_cv_func_*.