connection_check: restore original conn->data after the check

- Save the original conn->data before it's changed to the specified
  data transfer for the connection check and then restore it afterwards.

This is a follow-up to 38d8e1bd 2019-02-11.

History:

It was discovered a month ago that before checking whether to extract a
dead connection that that connection should be associated with a "live"
transfer for the check (ie original conn->data ignored and set to the
passed in data). A fix was landed in 54b201b4 which did that and also
cleared conn->data after the check. The original conn->data was not
restored, so presumably it was thought that a valid conn->data was no
longer needed.

Several days later it was discovered that a valid conn->data was needed
after the check and follow-up fix was landed in bbae24c3 which partially
reverted the original fix and attempted to limit the scope of when
conn->data was changed to only when pruning dead connections. In that
case conn->data was not cleared and the original conn->data not
restored.

A month later it was discovered that the original fix was somewhat
correct; a "live" transfer is needed for the check in all cases
because original conn->data could be null which could cause a bad deref
at arbitrary points in the check. A fix was landed in 38d8e1bd

 which
expanded the scope to all cases. conn->data was not cleared and the
original conn->data not restored.

A day later it was discovered that not restoring the original conn->data
may lead to busy loops in applications that use the event interface, and
given this observation it's a pretty safe assumption that there is some
code path that still needs the original conn->data. This commit is the
follow-up fix for that, it restores the original conn->data after the
connection check.

Assisted-by:  <tholin@users.noreply.github.com>
Reported-by:  <tholin@users.noreply.github.com>

Fixes https://github.com/curl/curl/issues/3542
Closes #3559