Fixed PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC() to adhere to the documentation.

The documentation of this function states that the password parameter
can be NULL. However, the implementation returns an error in this case
due to the inner workings of the HMAC_Init_ex() function.
With this change, NULL password will be treated as an empty string and
PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC() no longer fails on this input.

I have also added two new test cases that tests the handling of the
special values NULL and -1 of the password and passlen parameters,
respectively.

Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/1692)
(cherry picked from commit fa013b65)