Avoid EVP_PKEY_cmp() crash on EC keys without public component

Some hardware devices don't provide the public EC_POINT data. The only
way for X509_check_private_key() to validate that the key matches a
given certificate is to actually perform a sign operation and then
verify it using the public key in the certificate.

Maybe that can come later, as discussed in issue 1532. But for now let's
at least make it fail gracefully and not crash.

GH: 1532

Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/1547)
(cherry picked from commit 92ed7fa5)