Memory bounds checking in asn1 code.

Check that sprint, strcpy don't overflow.

Avoid some strlen operations when the previous sprintf return value can be used.

Also fix the undefined behaviour `*(long *)x = y` when x isn't a long or character pointer.
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 6.5/7 for the details.

Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/3869)