Add a test for the bug fixed in the previous commit

We want to make sure that if we if are using SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY then
if SSL_read_early_data() hits EndOfEarlyData then it doesn't auto retry
and end up with normal data. The same issue could occur with read_ahead
which is what we use in this test.

Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/3077)