A base64 string should be a multiple of 4 characters in length, not
contain any more than 2 padding characters and only contain padding
characters at the end of string. For example: Y3VybA==

Strings such as the following are considered invalid:

Y=   - Invalid length
Y==  - Invalid length
Y=== - More than two padding characters
Y=x= - Padding character contained within string

This patch fixes a bug in Happy Eyeballs where curl would wait for a
connect response from socket1 before checking socket2.

Also, it updates error messages for failed connections, showing the ip
addresses that failed rather than just the host name repeatedly.

Bug: http://curl.haxx.se/mail/lib-2013-10/0236.html
Reported-by: Paul Marks

Describes our security process from a project and curl developer's
perspective.

"Dan Fandrich" <dan@coneharvesters.com> wrote:

>> But I'm not sure <unistd.h> is needed at all.
>
> It's needed for close(2). But the only reason that's needed is because fstat
> is used instead of stat(2); if you fix that, then you could remove that
> include altogether.

Okay. I've tested the following with MSVC and MingW. htttput.c now
simply uses stat():

... as it was just merged in commit 7d7df

This patch invokes two socket connect()s nearly simultaneously, and
the socket that is first connected "wins" and is subsequently used for
the connection. The other is terminated.

There is a very slight IPv4 preference, in that if both sockets connect
simultaneously IPv4 is checked first and thus will win.

Should a client application fail to decode an authentication message
received from a server, or not support any of the parameters given by
the server in the message, then the authentication phrase should be
cancelled gracefully by the client rather than simply terminating the
connection.

The authentication phrase should be cancelled by simply sending a '*'
to the server, in response to erroneous data being received, as per
RFC-3501, RFC-4954 and RFC-5034.

This patch adds the necessary state machine constants and appropriate
response handlers in order to add this functionality for the CRAM-MD5,
DIGEST-MD5 and NTLM authentication mechanisms.

...in preparation for upcoming modifications.

warning: 'result' may be used uninitialized in this function

This is a regression since the switch to always-multi internally
c4312741.

Test 1316 was modified since we now clearly call the Curl_client_write()
function when doing the LIST transfer part and then the
handler->protocol says FTP and ftpc.transfertype is 'A' which implies
text converting even though that the response is initially a HTTP
CONNECT response in this case.

Corrected line endings, RFC references and standardised on user names
and passwords used in the tests.

...as XOAUTH2 is the extended (or non-standard) SASL identifier and
OAuth 2 is the protocol name (and version).

This workaround had been previously been implemented for IMAP and POP3
but not SMTP. Some of the recent test case additions implemented this
behaviour to emulate a bad server and the SMTP code didn't cope with it.

Corrected 80 character line length error and pointer declarations (some
of which were previously incorrect)

As the URI, which is contained within the DIGEST-MD5 response, is
constructed from the service and realm, the encoded message differs
from that generated under POP3.

IFS compilation support, SSL GSKit backend by default, TLSv1.[12] support in
  GSKit for OS400 >= V7R1, no more tabs in make scripts.

Clarify in the documentation that DNS entries added with CURLOPT_RESOLVE
won't time-out.

Bug: http://curl.haxx.se/mail/lib-2013-10/0062.html
Reported-by: Romulo Ceccon

...and fixed up test869 as DIGEST-MD transcript is as follows:

S: Challenge
C: Authentication String
S: Continue Response
C: Empty String

error: unused variable 'table16'