vtls: prepare the SSL backends for encapsulated private data

At the moment, cURL's SSL backend needs to be configured at build time.
As such, it is totally okay for them to hard-code their backend-specific
data in the ssl_connect_data struct.

In preparation for making the SSL backend a runtime option, let's make
the access of said private data a bit more abstract so that it can be
adjusted later in an easy manner.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>