sendrecv: split the I/O handling into private handler

Howard Chu brought the bulk work of this patch that properly
moves out the sending and recving of data to the parts of the
code that are properly responsible for the various ways of doing
so.

Daniel Stenberg assisted with polishing a few bits and fixed some
minor flaws in the original patch.

Another upside of this patch is that we now abuse CURLcodes less
with the "magic" -1 return codes and instead use CURLE_AGAIN more
consistently.