timediff: return timediff_t from the time diff functions

... to cater for systems with unsigned time_t variables.

- Renamed the functions to curlx_timediff and Curl_timediff_us.

- Added overflow protection for both of them in either direction for
  both 32 bit and 64 bit time_ts

- Reprefixed the curlx_time functions to use Curl_*

Reported-by: Peter Piekarski
Fixes #2004
Closes #2005