vtls: refactor out essential information about the SSL backends

There is information about the compiled-in SSL backends that is really
no concern of any code other than the SSL backend itself, such as which
function (if any) implements SHA-256 summing.

And there is information that is really interesting to the user, such as
the name, or the curl_sslbackend value.

Let's factor out the latter into a publicly visible struct. This
information will be used in the upcoming API to set the SSL backend
globally.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>