hugehelp.c.cvs

);
 puts(
"     19   FTP couldn't RETR file. The RETR command failed.\n"
"\n"
"     20   FTP write error. The transfer was reported bad  by  the\n"
"          server.\n"
"\n"
"     21   FTP  quote  error.  A quote command returned error from\n"
"          the server.\n"
"\n"
"     22   HTTP not found. The requested page was not found.  This\n"
"          return code only appears if --fail is used.\n"
"\n"
"     23   Write  error.  Curl  couldn't  write  data  to  a local\n"
"          filesystem or similar.\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"     24   Malformat user. User name badly specified.\n"
"\n"
"     25   FTP couldn't STOR file.  The  server  denied  the  STOR\n"
"          operation.\n"
"\n"
"     26   Read error. Various reading problems.\n"
"\n"
"     27   Out of memory. A memory allocation request failed.\n"
"\n"
"     28   Operation  timeout.  The  specified time-out period was\n"
"          reached according to the conditions.\n"
"\n"
"     29   FTP couldn't set ASCII. The server returned an  unknown\n"
"          reply.\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"     30   FTP PORT failed. The PORT command failed.\n"
"\n"
"     31   FTP couldn't use REST. The REST command failed.\n"
"\n"
"     32   FTP  couldn't  use  SIZE.  The SIZE command failed. The\n"
"          command is an extension to the original  FTP  spec  RFC\n"
"          959.\n"
"\n"
"     33   HTTP range error. The range \"command\" didn't work.\n"
"\n"
"     34   HTTP   post  error.  Internal  post-request  generation\n"
"          error.\n"
"\n"
"     35   SSL connect error. The SSL handshaking failed.\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"     36   FTP bad download resume. Couldn't continue  an  earlier\n"
"          aborted download.\n"
"\n"
"     37   FILE  couldn't read file. Failed to open the file. Per­\n"
"          missions?\n"
"\n"
"     38   LDAP cannot bind. LDAP bind operation failed.\n"
"\n"
"     39   LDAP search failed.\n"
"\n"
"     40   Library not found. The LDAP library was not found.\n"
"\n"
"     41   Function not found. A required LDAP  function  was  not\n"
"          found.\n"
"\n"
"     42   Aborted  by callback. An application told curl to abort\n"
);
 puts(
"          the operation.\n"
"\n"
"     43   Internal error. A function was called with a bad param­\n"
"          eter.\n"
"\n"
"     44   Internal error. A function was called in a bad order.\n"
"\n"
"     45   Interface  error.  A specified outgoing interface could\n"
"          not be used.\n"
"\n"
"     46   Bad password entered. An error was signalled  when  the\n"
"          password was entered.\n"
"\n"
"     47   Too  many redirects. When following redirects, curl hit\n"
"          the maximum amount.\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"     48   Unknown TELNET option specified.\n"
"\n"
"     49   Malformed telnet option.\n"
"\n"
"     XX   There will appear  more  error  codes  here  in  future\n"
"          releases.  The existing ones are meant to never change.\n"
"\n"
"BUGS\n"
"     If you do find bugs, mail them to curl-bug@haxx.se.\n"
"AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS\n"
"     Daniel Stenberg is the main author, but the  whole  list  of\n"
"     contributors is found in the separate THANKS file.\n"
"\n"
"WWW\n"
"     http://curl.haxx.se\n"
"\n"
"FTP\n"
);
 puts(
"     ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/www/utilities/curl/\n"
"\n"
"SEE ALSO\n"
"     ftp(1), wget(1), snarf(1)\n"
"\n"
"LATEST VERSION\n"
"\n"
"  You always find news about what's going on as well as the latest versions\n"
"  from the curl web pages, located at:\n"
"\n"
"        http://curl.haxx.se\n"
"\n"
"SIMPLE USAGE\n"
"\n"
"  Get the main page from netscape's web-server:\n"
"\n"
"        curl http://www.netscape.com/\n"
"\n"
"  Get the root README file from funet's ftp-server:\n"
"\n"
"        curl ftp://ftp.funet.fi/README\n"
"\n"
"  Get a web page from a server using port 8000:\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"        curl http://www.weirdserver.com:8000/\n"
"\n"
"  Get a list of the root directory of an FTP site:\n"
"\n"
"        curl ftp://cool.haxx.se/\n"
"\n"
"  Get a gopher document from funet's gopher server:\n"
"\n"
"        curl gopher://gopher.funet.fi\n"
"\n"
"  Get the definition of curl from a dictionary:\n"
"\n"
"        curl dict://dict.org/m:curl\n"
"\n"
"  Fetch two documents at once:\n"
"\n"
"        curl ftp://cool.haxx.se/ http://www.weirdserver.com:8000/\n"
"\n"
"DOWNLOAD TO A FILE\n"
"\n"
"  Get a web page and store in a local file:\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"        curl -o thatpage.html http://www.netscape.com/\n"
"\n"
"  Get a web page and store in a local file, make the local file get the name\n"
"  of the remote document (if no file name part is specified in the URL, this\n"
"  will fail):\n"
"\n"
"        curl -O http://www.netscape.com/index.html\n"
"\n"
"  Fetch two files and store them with their remote names:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -O www.haxx.se/index.html -O curl.haxx.se/download.html\n"
"\n"
"USING PASSWORDS\n"
"\n"
" FTP\n"
"\n"
"   To ftp files using name+passwd, include them in the URL like:\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"        curl ftp://name:passwd@machine.domain:port/full/path/to/file\n"
"\n"
"   or specify them with the -u flag like\n"
"\n"
"        curl -u name:passwd ftp://machine.domain:port/full/path/to/file\n"
"\n"
" HTTP\n"
"\n"
"   The HTTP URL doesn't support user and password in the URL string. Curl\n"
"   does support that anyway to provide a ftp-style interface and thus you can\n"
"   pick a file like:\n"
"\n"
"        curl http://name:passwd@machine.domain/full/path/to/file\n"
"\n"
"   or specify user and password separately like in\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"        curl -u name:passwd http://machine.domain/full/path/to/file\n"
"\n"
"   NOTE! Since HTTP URLs don't support user and password, you can't use that\n"
"   style when using Curl via a proxy. You _must_ use the -u style fetch\n"
"   during such circumstances.\n"
"\n"
" HTTPS\n"
"\n"
"   Probably most commonly used with private certificates, as explained below.\n"
"\n"
" GOPHER\n"
"\n"
"   Curl features no password support for gopher.\n"
"\n"
"PROXY\n"
"\n"
" Get an ftp file using a proxy named my-proxy that uses port 888:\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"        curl -x my-proxy:888 ftp://ftp.leachsite.com/README\n"
"\n"
" Get a file from a HTTP server that requires user and password, using the\n"
" same proxy as above:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -u user:passwd -x my-proxy:888 http://www.get.this/\n"
"\n"
" Some proxies require special authentication. Specify by using -U as above:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -U user:passwd -x my-proxy:888 http://www.get.this/\n"
"\n"
" See also the environment variables Curl support that offer further proxy\n"
" control.\n"
"\n"
"RANGES\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  With HTTP 1.1 byte-ranges were introduced. Using this, a client can request\n"
"  to get only one or more subparts of a specified document. Curl supports\n"
"  this with the -r flag.\n"
"\n"
"  Get the first 100 bytes of a document:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -r 0-99 http://www.get.this/\n"
"\n"
"  Get the last 500 bytes of a document:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -r -500 http://www.get.this/\n"
"\n"
"  Curl also supports simple ranges for FTP files as well. Then you can only\n"
"  specify start and stop position.\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  Get the first 100 bytes of a document using FTP:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -r 0-99 ftp://www.get.this/README  \n"
"\n"
"UPLOADING\n"
"\n"
" FTP\n"
"\n"
"  Upload all data on stdin to a specified ftp site:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -t ftp://ftp.upload.com/myfile\n"
"\n"
"  Upload data from a specified file, login with user and password:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -T uploadfile -u user:passwd ftp://ftp.upload.com/myfile\n"
"\n"
"  Upload a local file to the remote site, and use the local file name remote\n"
"  too:\n"
" \n"
);
 puts(
"        curl -T uploadfile -u user:passwd ftp://ftp.upload.com/\n"
"\n"
"  Upload a local file to get appended to the remote file using ftp:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -T localfile -a ftp://ftp.upload.com/remotefile\n"
"\n"
"  Curl also supports ftp upload through a proxy, but only if the proxy is\n"
"  configured to allow that kind of tunneling. If it does, you can run curl in\n"
"  a fashion similar to:\n"
"\n"
"        curl --proxytunnel -x proxy:port -T localfile ftp.upload.com\n"
"\n"
" HTTP\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  Upload all data on stdin to a specified http site:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -t http://www.upload.com/myfile\n"
"\n"
"  Note that the http server must've been configured to accept PUT before this\n"
"  can be done successfully.\n"
"\n"
"  For other ways to do http data upload, see the POST section below.\n"
"\n"
"VERBOSE / DEBUG\n"
"\n"
"  If curl fails where it isn't supposed to, if the servers don't let you\n"
"  in, if you can't understand the responses: use the -v flag to get VERBOSE\n"
);
 puts(
"  fetching. Curl will output lots of info and all data it sends and\n"
"  receives in order to let the user see all client-server interaction.\n"
"\n"
"        curl -v ftp://ftp.upload.com/\n"
"\n"
"DETAILED INFORMATION\n"
"\n"
"  Different protocols provide different ways of getting detailed information\n"
"  about specific files/documents. To get curl to show detailed information\n"
"  about a single file, you should use -I/--head option. It displays all\n"
);
 puts(
"  available info on a single file for HTTP and FTP. The HTTP information is a\n"
"  lot more extensive.\n"
"\n"
"  For HTTP, you can get the header information (the same as -I would show)\n"
"  shown before the data by using -i/--include. Curl understands the\n"
"  -D/--dump-header option when getting files from both FTP and HTTP, and it\n"
"  will then store the headers in the specified file.\n"
"\n"
"  Store the HTTP headers in a separate file (headers.txt in the example):\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"        curl --dump-header headers.txt curl.haxx.se\n"
"\n"
"  Note that headers stored in a separate file can be very useful at a later\n"
"  time if you want curl to use cookies sent by the server. More about that in\n"
"  the cookies section.\n"
"\n"
"POST (HTTP)\n"
"\n"
"  It's easy to post data using curl. This is done using the -d <data>\n"
"  option.  The post data must be urlencoded.\n"
"\n"
"  Post a simple \"name\" and \"phone\" guestbook.\n"
"\n"
"        curl -d \"name=Rafael%20Sagula&phone=3320780\" \\\n"
);
 puts(
"                http://www.where.com/guest.cgi\n"
"\n"
"  How to post a form with curl, lesson #1:\n"
"\n"
"  Dig out all the <input> tags in the form that you want to fill in. (There's\n"
"  a perl program called formfind.pl on the curl site that helps with this).\n"
"\n"
"  If there's a \"normal\" post, you use -d to post. -d takes a full \"post\n"
"  string\", which is in the format\n"
"\n"
"        <variable1>=<data1>&<variable2>=<data2>&...\n"
"\n"
"  The 'variable' names are the names set with \"name=\" in the <input> tags, and\n"
);
 puts(
"  the data is the contents you want to fill in for the inputs. The data *must*\n"
"  be properly URL encoded. That means you replace space with + and that you\n"
"  write weird letters with %XX where XX is the hexadecimal representation of\n"
"  the letter's ASCII code.\n"
"\n"
"  Example:\n"
"\n"
"  (page located at http://www.formpost.com/getthis/\n"
"\n"
"        <form action=\"post.cgi\" method=\"post\">\n"
"        <input name=user size=10>\n"
"        <input name=pass type=password size=10>\n"
);
 puts(
"        <input name=id type=hidden value=\"blablabla\">\n"
"        <input name=ding value=\"submit\">\n"
"        </form>\n"
"\n"
"  We want to enter user 'foobar' with password '12345'.\n"
"\n"
"  To post to this, you enter a curl command line like:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -d \"user=foobar&pass=12345&id=blablabla&dig=submit\"  (continues)\n"
"          http://www.formpost.com/getthis/post.cgi\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"  While -d uses the application/x-www-form-urlencoded mime-type, generally\n"
);
 puts(
"  understood by CGI's and similar, curl also supports the more capable\n"
"  multipart/form-data type. This latter type supports things like file upload.\n"
"\n"
"  -F accepts parameters like -F \"name=contents\". If you want the contents to\n"
"  be read from a file, use <@filename> as contents. When specifying a file,\n"
"  you can also specify the file content type by appending ';type=<mime type>'\n"
"  to the file name. You can also post the contents of several files in one field.\n"
);
 puts(
"  For example, the field name 'coolfiles' is used to send three  files, with\n"
"  different content types using the following syntax:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -F \"coolfiles=@fil1.gif;type=image/gif,fil2.txt,fil3.html\" \\\n"
"        http://www.post.com/postit.cgi\n"
"\n"
"  If the content-type is not specified, curl will try to guess from the file\n"
"  extension  (it only knows a few), or use the previously specified type\n"
"  (from an earlier file if several files are specified in a list) or else it\n"
);
 puts(
"  will  using the default type 'text/plain'.\n"
"\n"
"  Emulate a fill-in form with -F. Let's say you fill in three fields in a\n"
"  form. One field is a file name which to post, one field is your name and one\n"
"  field is a file description. We want to post the file we have written named\n"
"  \"cooltext.txt\". To let curl do the posting of this data instead of your\n"
"  favourite browser, you have to read the HTML source of the form page and find\n"
);
 puts(
"  the names of the input fields. In our example, the input field names are\n"
"  'file', 'yourname' and 'filedescription'.\n"
"\n"
"        curl -F \"file=@cooltext.txt\" -F \"yourname=Daniel\" \\\n"
"             -F \"filedescription=Cool text file with cool text inside\" \\\n"
"             http://www.post.com/postit.cgi\n"
"\n"
"  To send two files in one post you can do it in two ways:\n"
"\n"
"  1. Send multiple files in a single \"field\" with a single field name:\n"
" \n"
"        curl -F \"pictures=@dog.gif,cat.gif\" \n"
" \n"
);
 puts(
"  2. Send two fields with two field names: \n"
"\n"
"        curl -F \"docpicture=@dog.gif\" -F \"catpicture=@cat.gif\" \n"
"\n"
"REFERRER\n"
"\n"
"  A HTTP request has the option to include information about which address\n"
"  that referred to actual page.  Curl allows you to specify the\n"
"  referrer to be used on the command line. It is especially useful to\n"
"  fool or trick stupid servers or CGI scripts that rely on that information\n"
"  being available or contain certain data.\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"        curl -e www.coolsite.com http://www.showme.com/\n"
"\n"
"  NOTE: The referer field is defined in the HTTP spec to be a full URL.\n"
"\n"
"USER AGENT\n"
"\n"
"  A HTTP request has the option to include information about the browser\n"
"  that generated the request. Curl allows it to be specified on the command\n"
"  line. It is especially useful to fool or trick stupid servers or CGI\n"
"  scripts that only accept certain browsers.\n"
"\n"
"  Example:\n"
"\n"
"  curl -A 'Mozilla/3.0 (Win95; I)' http://www.nationsbank.com/\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  Other common strings:\n"
"    'Mozilla/3.0 (Win95; I)'     Netscape Version 3 for Windows 95\n"
"    'Mozilla/3.04 (Win95; U)'    Netscape Version 3 for Windows 95\n"
"    'Mozilla/2.02 (OS/2; U)'     Netscape Version 2 for OS/2\n"
"    'Mozilla/4.04 [en] (X11; U; AIX 4.2; Nav)'           NS for AIX\n"
"    'Mozilla/4.05 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.0.32 i586)'      NS for Linux\n"
"\n"
"  Note that Internet Explorer tries hard to be compatible in every way:\n"
"    'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 4.01; Windows 95)'    MSIE for W95\n"
);
 puts(
"\n"
"  Mozilla is not the only possible User-Agent name:\n"
"    'Konqueror/1.0'             KDE File Manager desktop client\n"
"    'Lynx/2.7.1 libwww-FM/2.14' Lynx command line browser\n"
"\n"
"COOKIES\n"
"\n"
"  Cookies are generally used by web servers to keep state information at the\n"
"  client's side. The server sets cookies by sending a response line in the\n"
"  headers that looks like 'Set-Cookie: <data>' where the data part then\n"
"  typically contains a set of NAME=VALUE pairs (separated by semicolons ';'\n"
);
 puts(
"  like \"NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2;\"). The server can also specify for what\n"
"  path the \"cookie\" should be used for (by specifying \"path=value\"), when the\n"
"  cookie should expire (\"expire=DATE\"), for what domain to use it\n"
"  (\"domain=NAME\") and if it should be used on secure connections only\n"
"  (\"secure\").\n"
"\n"
"  If you've received a page from a server that contains a header like:\n"
"        Set-Cookie: sessionid=boo123; path=\"/foo\";\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  it means the server wants that first pair passed on when we get anything in\n"
"  a path beginning with \"/foo\".\n"
"\n"
"  Example, get a page that wants my name passed in a cookie:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -b \"name=Daniel\" www.sillypage.com\n"
"\n"
"  Curl also has the ability to use previously received cookies in following\n"
"  sessions. If you get cookies from a server and store them in a file in a\n"
"  manner similar to:\n"
"\n"
"        curl --dump-header headers www.example.com\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  ... you can then in a second connect to that (or another) site, use the\n"
"  cookies from the 'headers' file like:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -b headers www.example.com\n"
"\n"
"  Note that by specifying -b you enable the \"cookie awareness\" and with -L\n"
"  you can make curl follow a location: (which often is used in combination\n"
"  with cookies). So that if a site sends cookies and a location, you can\n"
"  use a non-existing file to trigger the cookie awareness like:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -L -b empty.txt www.example.com\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  The file to read cookies from must be formatted using plain HTTP headers OR\n"
"  as netscape's cookie file. Curl will determine what kind it is based on the\n"
"  file contents.  In the above command, curl will parse the header and store\n"
"  the cookies received from www.example.com.  curl will send to the server the\n"
"  stored cookies which match the request as it follows the location.  The\n"
"  file \"empty.txt\" may be a non-existant file.\n"
"  \n"
"\n"
"PROGRESS METER\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  The progress meter exists to show a user that something actually is\n"
"  happening. The different fields in the output have the following meaning:\n"
"\n"
"  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed          Time             Curr.\n"
"                                 Dload  Upload Total    Current  Left    Speed\n"
"  0  151M    0 38608    0     0   9406      0  4:41:43  0:00:04  4:41:39  9287\n"
"\n"
"  From left-to-right:\n"
"   %             - percentage completed of the whole transfer\n"
);
 puts(
"   Total         - total size of the whole expected transfer\n"
"   %             - percentage completed of the download\n"
"   Received      - currently downloaded amount of bytes\n"
"   %             - percentage completed of the upload\n"
"   Xferd         - currently uploaded amount of bytes\n"
"   Average Speed\n"
"   Dload         - the average transfer speed of the download\n"
"   Average Speed\n"
"   Upload        - the average transfer speed of the upload\n"
"   Time Total    - expected time to complete the operation\n"
);
 puts(
"   Time Current  - time passed since the invoke\n"
"   Time Left     - expected time left to completetion\n"
"   Curr.Speed    - the average transfer speed the last 5 seconds (the first\n"
"                   5 seconds of a transfer is based on less time of course.)\n"
"\n"
"  The -# option will display a totally different progress bar that doesn't\n"
"  need much explanation!\n"
"\n"
"SPEED LIMIT\n"
"\n"
"  Curl allows the user to set the transfer speed conditions that must be met\n"
);
 puts(
"  to let the transfer keep going. By using the switch -y and -Y you\n"
"  can make curl abort transfers if the transfer speed is below the specified\n"
"  lowest limit for a specified time.\n"
"\n"
"  To have curl abort the download if the speed is slower than 3000 bytes per\n"
"  second for 1 minute, run:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -y 3000 -Y 60 www.far-away-site.com\n"
"\n"
"  This can very well be used in combination with the overall time limit, so\n"
"  that the above operatioin must be completed in whole within 30 minutes:\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"        curl -m 1800 -y 3000 -Y 60 www.far-away-site.com\n"
"\n"
"CONFIG FILE\n"
"\n"
"  Curl automatically tries to read the .curlrc file (or _curlrc file on win32\n"
"  systems) from the user's home dir on startup.\n"
"\n"
"  The config file could be made up with normal command line switches, but you\n"
"  can also specify the long options without the dashes to make it more\n"
"  readable. You can separate the options and the parameter with spaces, or\n"
"  with = or :. Comments can be used within the file. If the first letter on a\n"
);
 puts(
"  line is a '#'-letter the rest of the line is treated as a comment.\n"
"\n"
"  If you want the parameter to contain spaces, you must inclose the entire\n"
"  parameter within double quotes (\"). Within those quotes, you specify a\n"
"  quote as \\\".\n"
"\n"
"  NOTE: You must specify options and their arguments on the same line.\n"
"\n"
"  Example, set default time out and proxy in a config file:\n"
"\n"
"        # We want a 30 minute timeout:\n"
"        -m 1800\n"
"        # ... and we use a proxy for all accesses:\n"
);
 puts(
"        proxy = proxy.our.domain.com:8080\n"
"\n"
"  White spaces ARE significant at the end of lines, but all white spaces\n"
"  leading up to the first characters of each line are ignored.\n"
"\n"
"  Prevent curl from reading the default file by using -q as the first command\n"
"  line parameter, like:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -q www.thatsite.com\n"
"\n"
"  Force curl to get and display a local help page in case it is invoked\n"
"  without URL by making a config file similar to:\n"
"\n"
"        # default url to get\n"
);
 puts(
"        url = \"http://help.with.curl.com/curlhelp.html\"\n"
"\n"
"  You can specify another config file to be read by using the -K/--config\n"
"  flag. If you set config file name to \"-\" it'll read the config from stdin,\n"
"  which can be handy if you want to hide options from being visible in process\n"
"  tables etc:\n"
"\n"
"        echo \"user = user:passwd\" | curl -K - http://that.secret.site.com\n"
"\n"
"EXTRA HEADERS\n"
"\n"
"  When using curl in your own very special programs, you may end up needing\n"
);
 puts(
"  to pass on your own custom headers when getting a web page. You can do\n"
"  this by using the -H flag.\n"
"\n"
"  Example, send the header \"X-you-and-me: yes\" to the server when getting a\n"
"  page:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -H \"X-you-and-me: yes\" www.love.com\n"
"\n"
"  This can also be useful in case you want curl to send a different text in a\n"
"  header than it normally does. The -H header you specify then replaces the\n"
"  header curl would normally send. If you replace an internal header with an\n"
);
 puts(
"  empty one, you prevent that header from being sent. To prevent the Host:\n"
"  header from being used:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -H \"Host:\" www.server.com\n"
"\n"
"FTP and PATH NAMES\n"
"\n"
"  Do note that when getting files with the ftp:// URL, the given path is\n"
"  relative the directory you enter. To get the file 'README' from your home\n"
"  directory at your ftp site, do:\n"
"\n"
"        curl ftp://user:passwd@my.site.com/README\n"
"\n"
"  But if you want the README file from the root directory of that very same\n"
);
 puts(
"  site, you need to specify the absolute file name:\n"
"\n"
"        curl ftp://user:passwd@my.site.com//README\n"
"\n"
"  (I.e with an extra slash in front of the file name.)\n"
"\n"
"FTP and firewalls\n"
"\n"
"  The FTP protocol requires one of the involved parties to open a second\n"
"  connction as soon as data is about to get transfered. There are two ways to\n"
"  do this.\n"
"\n"
"  The default way for curl is to issue the PASV command which causes the\n"
"  server to open another port and await another connection performed by the\n"
);
 puts(
"  client. This is good if the client is behind a firewall that don't allow\n"
"  incoming connections.\n"
"\n"
"        curl ftp.download.com\n"
"\n"
"  If the server for example, is behind a firewall that don't allow connections\n"
"  on other ports than 21 (or if it just doesn't support the PASV command), the\n"
"  other way to do it is to use the PORT command and instruct the server to\n"
"  connect to the client on the given (as parameters to the PORT command) IP\n"
"  number and port.\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  The -P flag to curl supports a few different options. Your machine may have\n"
"  several IP-addresses and/or network interfaces and curl allows you to select\n"
"  which of them to use. Default address can also be used:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -P - ftp.download.com\n"
"\n"
"  Download with PORT but use the IP address of our 'le0' interface (this does\n"
"  not work on windows):\n"
"\n"
"        curl -P le0 ftp.download.com\n"
"\n"
"  Download with PORT but use 192.168.0.10 as our IP address to use:\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"        curl -P 192.168.0.10 ftp.download.com\n"
"\n"
"NETWORK INTERFACE\n"
"\n"
"  Get a web page from a server using a specified port for the interface:\n"
"\n"
"	curl --interface eth0:1 http://www.netscape.com/\n"
"\n"
"  or\n"
"\n"
"	curl --interface 192.168.1.10 http://www.netscape.com/\n"
"\n"
"HTTPS\n"
"\n"
"  Secure HTTP requires SSL libraries to be installed and used when curl is\n"
"  built. If that is done, curl is capable of retrieving and posting documents\n"
"  using the HTTPS procotol.\n"
"\n"
"  Example:\n"
"\n"
"        curl https://www.secure-site.com\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  Curl is also capable of using your personal certificates to get/post files\n"
"  from sites that require valid certificates. The only drawback is that the\n"
"  certificate needs to be in PEM-format. PEM is a standard and open format to\n"
"  store certificates with, but it is not used by the most commonly used\n"
"  browsers (Netscape and MSEI both use the so called PKCS#12 format). If you\n"
"  want curl to use the certificates you use with your (favourite) browser, you\n"
);
 puts(
"  may need to download/compile a converter that can convert your browser's\n"
"  formatted certificates to PEM formatted ones. This kind of converter is\n"
"  included in recent versions of OpenSSL, and for older versions Dr Stephen\n"
"  N. Henson has written a patch for SSLeay that adds this functionality. You\n"
"  can get his patch (that requires an SSLeay installation) from his site at:\n"
"  http://www.drh-consultancy.demon.co.uk/\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  Example on how to automatically retrieve a document using a certificate with\n"
"  a personal password:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -E /path/to/cert.pem:password https://secure.site.com/\n"
"\n"
"  If you neglect to specify the password on the command line, you will be\n"
"  prompted for the correct password before any data can be received.\n"
"\n"
"  Many older SSL-servers have problems with SSLv3 or TLS, that newer versions\n"
"  of OpenSSL etc is using, therefore it is sometimes useful to specify what\n"
);
 puts(
"  SSL-version curl should use. Use -3 or -2 to specify that exact SSL version\n"
"  to use:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -2 https://secure.site.com/\n"
"\n"
"  Otherwise, curl will first attempt to use v3 and then v2.\n"
"\n"
"  To use OpenSSL to convert your favourite browser's certificate into a PEM\n"
"  formatted one that curl can use, do something like this (assuming netscape,\n"
"  but IE is likely to work similarly):\n"
"\n"
"    You start with hitting the 'security' menu button in netscape. \n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"    Select 'certificates->yours' and then pick a certificate in the list \n"
"\n"
"    Press the 'export' button \n"
"\n"
"    enter your PIN code for the certs \n"
"\n"
"    select a proper place to save it \n"
"\n"
"    Run the 'openssl' application to convert the certificate. If you cd to the\n"
"    openssl installation, you can do it like:\n"
"\n"
"     # ./apps/openssl pkcs12 -certfile [file you saved] -out [PEMfile]\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"RESUMING FILE TRANSFERS\n"
"\n"
" To continue a file transfer where it was previously aborted, curl supports\n"
);
 puts(
" resume on http(s) downloads as well as ftp uploads and downloads.\n"
"\n"
" Continue downloading a document:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -c -o file ftp://ftp.server.com/path/file\n"
"\n"
" Continue uploading a document(*1):\n"
"\n"
"        curl -c -T file ftp://ftp.server.com/path/file\n"
"\n"
" Continue downloading a document from a web server(*2):\n"
"\n"
"        curl -c -o file http://www.server.com/\n"
"\n"
" (*1) = This requires that the ftp server supports the non-standard command\n"
"        SIZE. If it doesn't, curl will say so.\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
" (*2) = This requires that the web server supports at least HTTP/1.1. If it\n"
"        doesn't, curl will say so.\n"
"\n"
"TIME CONDITIONS\n"
"\n"
" HTTP allows a client to specify a time condition for the document it\n"
" requests. It is If-Modified-Since or If-Unmodified-Since. Curl allow you to\n"
" specify them with the -z/--time-cond flag.\n"
"\n"
" For example, you can easily make a download that only gets performed if the\n"
" remote file is newer than a local copy. It would be made like:\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"        curl -z local.html http://remote.server.com/remote.html\n"
"\n"
" Or you can download a file only if the local file is newer than the remote\n"
" one. Do this by prepending the date string with a '-', as in:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -z -local.html http://remote.server.com/remote.html\n"
"\n"
" You can specify a \"free text\" date as condition. Tell curl to only download\n"
" the file if it was updated since yesterday:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -z yesterday http://remote.server.com/remote.html\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
" Curl will then accept a wide range of date formats. You always make the date\n"
" check the other way around by prepending it with a dash '-'.\n"
"\n"
"DICT\n"
"\n"
"  For fun try\n"
"\n"
"        curl dict://dict.org/m:curl\n"
"        curl dict://dict.org/d:heisenbug:jargon\n"
"        curl dict://dict.org/d:daniel:web1913\n"
"\n"
"  Aliases for 'm' are 'match' and 'find', and aliases for 'd' are 'define'\n"
"  and 'lookup'. For example,\n"
"\n"
"        curl dict://dict.org/find:curl\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  Commands that break the URL description of the RFC (but not the DICT\n"
"  protocol) are\n"
"\n"
"        curl dict://dict.org/show:db\n"
"        curl dict://dict.org/show:strat\n"
"\n"
"  Authentication is still missing (but this is not required by the RFC)\n"
"\n"
"LDAP\n"
"\n"
"  If you have installed the OpenLDAP library, curl can take advantage of it\n"
"  and offer ldap:// support.\n"
"\n"
"  LDAP is a complex thing and writing an LDAP query is not an easy task. I do\n"
);
 puts(
"  advice you to dig up the syntax description for that elsewhere, RFC 1959 if\n"
"  no other place is better.\n"
"\n"
"  To show you an example, this is now I can get all people from my local LDAP\n"
"  server that has a certain sub-domain in their email address:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -B \"ldap://ldap.frontec.se/o=frontec??sub?mail=*sth.frontec.se\"\n"
"\n"
"  If I want the same info in HTML format, I can get it by not using the -B\n"
"  (enforce ASCII) flag.\n"
"\n"
"ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  Curl reads and understands the following environment variables:\n"
"\n"
"        HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, FTP_PROXY, GOPHER_PROXY\n"
"\n"
"  They should be set for protocol-specific proxies. General proxy should be\n"
"  set with\n"
"        \n"
"        ALL_PROXY\n"
"\n"
"  A comma-separated list of host names that shouldn't go through any proxy is\n"
"  set in (only an asterisk, '*' matches all hosts)\n"
"\n"
"        NO_PROXY\n"
"\n"
"  If a tail substring of the domain-path for a host matches one of these\n"
);
 puts(
"  strings, transactions with that node will not be proxied.\n"
"\n"
"\n"
"  The usage of the -x/--proxy flag overrides the environment variables.\n"
"\n"
"NETRC\n"
"\n"
"  Unix introduced the .netrc concept a long time ago. It is a way for a user\n"
"  to specify name and password for commonly visited ftp sites in a file so\n"
"  that you don't have to type them in each time you visit those sites. You\n"
"  realize this is a big security risk if someone else gets hold of your\n"
);
 puts(
"  passwords, so therefor most unix programs won't read this file unless it is\n"
"  only readable by yourself (curl doesn't care though).\n"
"\n"
"  Curl supports .netrc files if told so (using the -n/--netrc option). This is\n"
"  not restricted to only ftp, but curl can use it for all protocols where\n"
"  authentication is used.\n"
"\n"
"  A very simple .netrc file could look something like:\n"
"\n"
"        machine curl.haxx.se login iamdaniel password mysecret\n"
"\n"
"CUSTOM OUTPUT\n"
"\n"
);
 puts(
"  To better allow script programmers to get to know about the progress of\n"
"  curl, the -w/--write-out option was introduced. Using this, you can specify\n"
"  what information from the previous transfer you want to extract.\n"
"\n"
"  To display the amount of bytes downloaded together with some text and an\n"
"  ending newline:\n"
"\n"
"        curl -w 'We downloaded %{size_download} bytes\\n' www.download.com\n"
"\n"
"KERBEROS4 FTP TRANSFER\n"
"\n"
"  Curl supports kerberos4 for FTP transfers. You need the kerberos package\n"
);
 puts(
"  installed and used at curl build time for it to be used.\n"
"\n"
"  First, get the krb-ticket the normal way, like with the kauth tool. Then use\n"
"  curl in way similar to:\n"
"\n"
"        curl --krb4 private ftp://krb4site.com -u username:fakepwd\n"
"\n"
"  There's no use for a password on the -u switch, but a blank one will make\n"
"  curl ask for one and you already entered the real password to kauth.\n"
"\n"
"TELNET\n"
"\n"
"  The curl telnet support is basic and very easy to use. Curl passes all data\n"
);
 puts(
"  passed to it on stdin to the remote server. Connect to a remote telnet\n"
"  server using a command line similar to:\n"
"\n"
"        curl telnet://remote.server.com\n"
"\n"
"  And enter the data to pass to the server on stdin. The result will be sent\n"
"  to stdout or to the file you specify with -o.\n"
"\n"
"  You might want the -N/--no-buffer option to switch off the buffered output\n"
"  for slow connections or similar.\n"
"\n"
"  NOTE: the telnet protocol does not specify any way to login with a specified\n"
);
 puts(
"  user and password so curl can't do that automatically. To do that, you need\n"
"  to track when the login prompt is received and send the username and\n"
"  password accordingly.\n"
"\n"
"PERSISTANT CONNECTIONS\n"
"\n"
"  Specifying multiple files on a single command line will make curl transfer\n"
"  all of them, one after the other in the specified order.\n"
"\n"
"  libcurl will attempt to use persistant connections for the transfers so that\n"
"  the second transfer to the same host can use the same connection that was\n"