main.c

/*****************************************************************************
 *                                  _   _ ____  _     
 *  Project                     ___| | | |  _ \| |    
 *                             / __| | | | |_) | |    
 *                            | (__| |_| |  _ <| |___ 
 *                             \___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2000, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>, et al.
 *
 * In order to be useful for every potential user, curl and libcurl are
 * dual-licensed under the MPL and the MIT/X-derivate licenses.
 *
 * You may opt to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, under the terms of the MPL or the MIT/X-derivate
 * licenses. You may pick one of these licenses.
 *
 * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.
 *
 * $Id$
 *****************************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include <curl/curl.h>
#include <curl/types.h> /* new for v7 */
#include <curl/easy.h> /* new for v7 */

#define _MPRINTF_REPLACE /* we want curl-functions instead of native ones */
#include <curl/mprintf.h>

#include "urlglob.h"
#include "writeout.h"

#define CURLseparator	"--_curl_--"

/* This define make use of the "Curlseparator" as opposed to the
   MIMEseparator. We might add support for the latter one in the
   future, and that's why this is left in the source. */
#define CURL_SEPARATORS

/* This is now designed to have its own local setup.h */
#include "setup.h"

#ifdef WIN32
#include <winsock.h>
#endif

#include "version.h"

#ifdef HAVE_IO_H /* typical win32 habit */
#include <io.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif

/* The last #include file should be: */
#ifdef MALLOCDEBUG
/* this is low-level hard-hacking memory leak tracking shit */
#include "../lib/memdebug.h"
#endif

#define DEFAULT_MAXREDIRS  50L

#ifndef __cplusplus        /* (rabe) */
typedef char bool;
#endif                     /* (rabe) */

#define CURL_PROGRESS_STATS 0 /* default progress display */
#define CURL_PROGRESS_BAR   1

typedef enum {
  HTTPREQ_UNSPEC,
  HTTPREQ_GET,
  HTTPREQ_HEAD,
  HTTPREQ_POST,
  HTTPREQ_SIMPLEPOST,
  HTTPREQ_CUSTOM,
  HTTPREQ_LAST
} HttpReq;

/* Just a set of bits */
#define CONF_DEFAULT  0

#define CONF_USEREMOTETIME (1<<0) /* set the remote time on the local file */
#define CONF_AUTO_REFERER (1<<4) /* the automatic referer-system please! */
#define CONF_VERBOSE  (1<<5) /* talk a lot */
#define CONF_HEADER   (1<<8) /* throw the header out too */
#define CONF_NOPROGRESS (1<<10) /* shut off the progress meter */
#define CONF_NOBODY   (1<<11) /* use HEAD to get http document */
#define CONF_FAILONERROR (1<<12) /* no output on http error codes >= 300 */
#define CONF_UPLOAD   (1<<14) /* this is an upload */
#define CONF_POST     (1<<15) /* HTTP POST method */
#define CONF_FTPLISTONLY (1<<16) /* Use NLST when listing ftp dir */
#define CONF_FTPAPPEND (1<<20) /* Append instead of overwrite on upload! */
#define CONF_NETRC    (1<<22)  /* read user+password from .netrc */
#define CONF_FOLLOWLOCATION (1<<23) /* use Location: Luke! */
#define CONF_GETTEXT  (1<<24) /* use ASCII/text for transfer */
#define CONF_HTTPPOST (1<<25) /* multipart/form-data HTTP POST */
#define CONF_PUT      (1<<27) /* PUT the input file */
#define CONF_MUTE     (1<<28) /* force NOPROGRESS */

#ifndef HAVE_STRDUP
/* Ultrix doesn't have strdup(), so make a quick clone: */
char *strdup(char *str)
{
  int len;
  char *newstr;

  len = strlen(str);
  newstr = (char *) malloc((len+1)*sizeof(char));
  if (!newstr)
    return (char *)NULL;

  strcpy(newstr,str);

  return newstr;

}
#endif 

extern void hugehelp(void);

/***********************************************************************
 * Start with some silly functions to make win32-systems survive
 ***********************************************************************/
#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
static void win32_cleanup(void)
{
  WSACleanup();
}

static CURLcode win32_init(void)
{
  WORD wVersionRequested;  
  WSADATA wsaData; 
  int err; 
  wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1, 1); 
    
  err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData); 
    
  if (err != 0) 
    /* Tell the user that we couldn't find a useable */ 
    /* winsock.dll.     */ 
    return CURLE_FAILED_INIT; 
    
  /* Confirm that the Windows Sockets DLL supports 1.1.*/ 
  /* Note that if the DLL supports versions greater */ 
  /* than 1.1 in addition to 1.1, it will still return */ 
  /* 1.1 in wVersion since that is the version we */ 
  /* requested. */ 
    
  if ( LOBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) != 1 || 
       HIBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) != 1 ) { 
    /* Tell the user that we couldn't find a useable */ 

    /* winsock.dll. */ 
    WSACleanup(); 
    return CURLE_FAILED_INIT; 
  }
  return CURLE_OK;
}
/* The Windows Sockets DLL is acceptable. Proceed. */ 
#else
static CURLcode win32_init(void) { return CURLE_OK; }
#define win32_cleanup()
#endif


/*
 * This is the main global constructor for the app. Call this before
 * _any_ libcurl usage. If this fails, *NO* libcurl functions may be
 * used, or havoc may be the result.
 */
CURLcode main_init(void)
{
  return win32_init();
}

/*
 * This is the main global destructor for the app. Call this after
 * _all_ libcurl usage is done.
 */
void main_free(void)
{
  win32_cleanup();
}

int SetHTTPrequest(HttpReq req, HttpReq *store)
{
  if((*store == HTTPREQ_UNSPEC) ||
     (*store == req)) {
    *store = req;
    return 0;
  }
  fprintf(stderr, "You can only select one HTTP request!\n");
  return 1;
}

static void helpf(char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list ap;
  if(fmt) {
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    fputs("curl: ", stderr); /* prefix it */
    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
  }
  fprintf(stderr, "curl: try 'curl --help' for more information\n");
}

/*
 * A chain of these nodes contain URL to get and where to put the URL's
 * contents.
 */
struct getout {
  struct getout *next;
  char *url;
  char *outfile;
  int flags;
};
#define GETOUT_OUTFILE (1<<0) /* set when outfile is deemed done */
#define GETOUT_URL     (1<<1) /* set when URL is deemed done */
#define GETOUT_USEREMOTE (1<<2) /* use remote file name locally */

static void help(void)
{
  printf(CURL_ID "%s\n"
       "Usage: curl [options...] <url>\n"
       "Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only\n"
       " -a/--append        Append to target file when uploading (F)\n"
       " -A/--user-agent <string> User-Agent to send to server (H)\n"
       " -b/--cookie <name=string/file> Cookie string or file to read cookies from (H)\n"
       " -B/--use-ascii     Use ASCII/text transfer\n"
       " -c/--continue      Resume a previous transfer where we left it\n"
       " -C/--continue-at <offset> Specify absolute resume offset\n"
       " -d/--data <data>   HTTP POST data (H)\n"
       "    --data-ascii <data>   HTTP POST ASCII data (H)\n"
       "    --data-binary <data>  HTTP POST binary data (H)\n"
       " -D/--dump-header <file> Write the headers to this file\n"
       " -e/--referer       Referer page (H)\n"
       " -E/--cert <cert[:passwd]> Specifies your certificate file and password (HTTPS)\n"
       "    --cacert <file> CA certifciate to verify peer against (HTTPS)\n"
       " -f/--fail          Fail silently (no output at all) on errors (H)\n"
       " -F/--form <name=content> Specify HTTP POST data (H)\n"

       " -h/--help          This help text\n"
       " -H/--header <line> Custom header to pass to server. (H)\n"
       " -i/--include       Include the HTTP-header in the output (H)\n"
       " -I/--head          Fetch document info only (HTTP HEAD/FTP SIZE)\n"
       "    --interface <interface> Specify the interface to be used\n"
       "    --krb4 <level>  Enable krb4 with specified security level (F)\n"
       " -K/--config        Specify which config file to read\n"
       " -l/--list-only     List only names of an FTP directory (F)\n"
       " -L/--location      Follow Location: hints (H)\n"
       " -m/--max-time <seconds> Maximum time allowed for the transfer\n"
       " -M/--manual        Display huge help text\n"
       " -n/--netrc         Read .netrc for user name and password\n"
       " -N/--no-buffer     Disables the buffering of the output stream\n"
       " -o/--output <file> Write output to <file> instead of stdout\n"
       " -O/--remote-name   Write output to a file named as the remote file\n"
       " -p/--proxytunnel   Perform non-HTTP services through a HTTP proxy\n"
       " -P/--ftpport <address> Use PORT with address instead of PASV when ftping (F)\n"
       " -q                 When used as the first parameter disables .curlrc\n"
       " -Q/--quote <cmd>   Send QUOTE command to FTP before file transfer (F)\n"
       " -r/--range <range> Retrieve a byte range from a HTTP/1.1 or FTP server\n"
       " -s/--silent        Silent mode. Don't output anything\n"
       " -S/--show-error    Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur\n"
       " -t/--upload        Transfer/upload stdin to remote site\n"
       " -T/--upload-file <file> Transfer/upload <file> to remote site\n"
       " -u/--user <user[:password]> Specify user and password to use\n"
       " -U/--proxy-user <user[:password]> Specify Proxy authentication\n"
       " -v/--verbose       Makes the operation more talkative\n"
       " -V/--version       Outputs version number then quits\n"
       " -w/--write-out [format] What to output after completion\n"
       " -x/--proxy <host[:port]>  Use proxy. (Default port is 1080)\n"
       " -X/--request <command> Specific request command to use\n"
       " -y/--speed-time    Time needed to trig speed-limit abort. Defaults to 30\n"
       " -Y/--speed-limit   Stop transfer if below speed-limit for 'speed-time' secs\n"
       " -z/--time-cond <time> Includes a time condition to the server (H)\n"
       " -Z/--max-redirs <num> Set maximum number of redirections allowed (H)\n"
       " -2/--sslv2         Force usage of SSLv2 (H)\n"
       " -3/--sslv3         Force usage of SSLv3 (H)\n"
       " -#/--progress-bar  Display transfer progress as a progress bar\n"
       "    --crlf          Convert LF to CRLF in upload. Useful for MVS (OS/390)\n"
       "    --stderr <file> Where to redirect stderr. - means stdout.\n",
         curl_version()
         );
}

struct LongShort {
  char *letter;
  char *lname;
  bool extraparam;
};

struct Configurable {
  char *useragent;
  char *cookie;
  bool use_resume;
  int resume_from;
  char *postfields;
  long postfieldsize;
  char *referer;
  long timeout;
  long maxredirs;
  char *headerfile;
  char *ftpport;
  char *iface;
  unsigned short porttouse;
  char *range;
  int low_speed_limit;
  int low_speed_time;
  bool showerror;
  char *infile;
  char *userpwd;
  char *proxyuserpwd;
  char *proxy;
  bool configread;
  bool proxytunnel;
  long conf;

  struct getout *url_list; /* point to the first node */
  struct getout *url_last; /* point to the last/current node */

  struct getout *url_get;  /* point to the node to fill in URL */
  struct getout *url_out;  /* point to the node to fill in outfile */

  char *cert;
  char *cacert;
  char *cert_passwd;
  bool crlf;
  char *cookiefile;
  char *customrequest;
  char *krb4level;
  bool progressmode;
  bool nobuffer;

  char *writeout; /* %-styled format string to output */

  FILE *errors; /* if stderr redirect is requested */

  struct curl_slist *quote;
  struct curl_slist *postquote;

  long ssl_version;
  TimeCond timecond;
  time_t condtime;

  struct curl_slist *headers;

  struct HttpPost *httppost;
  struct HttpPost *last_post;

  HttpReq httpreq;
};

static int parseconfig(char *filename,
		       struct Configurable *config);
static char *my_get_line(FILE *fp);

static void GetStr(char **string,
		   char *value)
{
  if(*string)
    free(*string);
  if(value && *value)
    *string = strdup(value);
  else
    *string = NULL;
}

static char *file2string(FILE *file)
{
  char buffer[256];
  char *ptr;
  char *string=NULL;
  int len=0;
  int stringlen;

  if(file) {
    while(fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), file)) {
      ptr= strchr(buffer, '\r');
      if(ptr)
        *ptr=0;
      ptr= strchr(buffer, '\n');
      if(ptr)
        *ptr=0;
      stringlen=strlen(buffer);
      if(string)
        string = realloc(string, len+stringlen+1);
      else
        string = malloc(stringlen+1);

      strcpy(string+len, buffer);

      len+=stringlen;
    }
    return string;
  }
  else
    return NULL; /* no string */
}

static char *file2memory(FILE *file, long *size)
{
  char buffer[1024];
  char *string=NULL;
  char *newstring=NULL;
  long len=0;
  long stringlen=0;

  if(file) {
    while((len = fread(buffer, 1, sizeof(buffer), file))) {
      if(string) {
        newstring = realloc(string, len+stringlen);
        if(newstring)
          string = newstring;
        else
          break; /* no more strings attached! :-) */
      }
      else
        string = malloc(len);
      memcpy(&string[stringlen], buffer, len);
      stringlen+=len;
    }
    *size = stringlen;
    return string;
  }
  else
    return NULL; /* no string */
}

void clean_getout(struct Configurable *config)
{
  struct getout *node=config->url_list;
  struct getout *next;

  while(node) {
    next = node->next;
    if(node->url)
      free(node->url);
    if(node->outfile)
      free(node->outfile);
    free(node);

    node = next; /* GOTO next */
  }
}

struct getout *new_getout(struct Configurable *config)
{
  struct getout *node =malloc(sizeof(struct getout));
  struct getout *last= config->url_last;
  if(node) {
    /* clear the struct */
    memset(node, 0, sizeof(struct getout));
        
    /* append this new node last in the list */
    if(last)
      last->next = node;
    else
      config->url_list = node; /* first node */
            
    /* move the last pointer */
    config->url_last = node;
  }
  return node;
}




typedef enum {
  PARAM_OK,
  PARAM_OPTION_AMBIGUOUS,
  PARAM_OPTION_UNKNOWN,
  PARAM_REQUIRES_PARAMETER,  
  PARAM_BAD_USE,
  PARAM_HELP_REQUESTED,
  PARAM_GOT_EXTRA_PARAMETER,

  PARAM_LAST
} ParameterError;

static ParameterError getparameter(char *flag, /* f or -long-flag */
                                   char *nextarg, /* NULL if unset */
                                   bool *usedarg, /* set to TRUE if the arg
                                                     has been used */
                                   struct Configurable *config)
{
  char letter;
  char subletter=0; /* subletters can only occur on long options */

  char *parse=NULL;
  int res;
  int j;
  time_t now;
  int hit=-1;
  bool longopt=FALSE;
  bool singleopt=FALSE; /* when true means '-o foo' used '-ofoo' */


  /* single-letter,
     long-name,
     boolean whether it takes an additional argument
     */
  struct LongShort aliases[]= {
    {"9", "crlf",        FALSE},
    {"8", "stderr",      TRUE},
    {"7", "interface",   TRUE},
    {"6", "krb4",        TRUE},
    {"5", "url",         TRUE},

    {"2", "sslv2",       FALSE},
    {"3", "sslv3",       FALSE},
    {"a", "append",      FALSE},
    {"A", "user-agent",  TRUE},
    {"b", "cookie",      TRUE},
    {"B", "ftp-ascii",   FALSE}, /* this long format is OBSOLETEE now! */
    {"B", "use-ascii",   FALSE},
    {"c", "continue",    FALSE},
    {"C", "continue-at", TRUE},
    {"d", "data",        TRUE},
    {"da", "data-ascii", TRUE},
    {"db", "data-binary", TRUE},
    {"D", "dump-header", TRUE},
    {"e", "referer",     TRUE},
    {"E", "cert",        TRUE},
    {"Ea", "cacert",     TRUE},
    {"f", "fail",        FALSE},
    {"F", "form",        TRUE},

    {"h", "help",        FALSE},
    {"H", "header",      TRUE},
    {"i", "include",     FALSE},
    {"I", "head",        FALSE},
    {"K", "config",      TRUE},
    {"l", "list-only",   FALSE},
    {"L", "location",    FALSE},
    {"m", "max-time",    TRUE},
    {"M", "manual",      FALSE},
    {"n", "netrc",       FALSE},
    {"N", "no-buffer",   FALSE},
    {"o", "output",      TRUE},
    {"O", "remote-name", FALSE},
    {"p", "proxytunnel", FALSE},
    {"P", "ftpport",     TRUE},
    {"q", "disable",     FALSE},
    {"Q", "quote",       TRUE},
    {"r", "range",       TRUE},
    {"s", "silent",      FALSE},
    {"S", "show-error",  FALSE},
    {"t", "upload",      FALSE},
    {"T", "upload-file", TRUE},
    {"u", "user",        TRUE},
    {"U", "proxy-user",  TRUE},
    {"v", "verbose",     FALSE},
    {"V", "version",     FALSE},
    {"w", "write-out",   TRUE},
    {"x", "proxy",       TRUE},
    {"X", "request",     TRUE},
    {"X", "http-request", TRUE}, /* OBSOLETE VERSION */
    {"Y", "speed-limit",  TRUE},
    {"y", "speed-time", TRUE},
    {"z", "time-cond",   TRUE},
    {"Z", "max-redirs",   TRUE},
    {"#", "progress-bar",FALSE},
  };

  if(('-' != flag[0]) ||
     (('-' == flag[0]) && ('-' == flag[1]))) {
    /* this should be a long name */
    char *word=('-' == flag[0])?flag+2:flag;
    int fnam=strlen(word);
    int numhits=0;
    for(j=0; j< sizeof(aliases)/sizeof(aliases[0]); j++) {
      if(strnequal(aliases[j].lname, word, fnam)) {
        longopt = TRUE;
        numhits++;
        if(strequal(aliases[j].lname, word)) {
          parse = aliases[j].letter;
          hit = j;
          numhits = 1; /* a single unique hit */
          break;
        }
	parse = aliases[j].letter;
	hit = j;
      }
    }
    if(numhits>1) {
      /* this is at least the second match! */
      return PARAM_OPTION_AMBIGUOUS;
    }
    if(hit < 0) {
      return PARAM_OPTION_UNKNOWN;
    }    
  }
  else {
    flag++; /* prefixed with one dash, pass it */
    hit=-1;
    parse = flag;
  }

  do {
    /* we can loop here if we have multiple single-letters */

    if(!longopt)
      letter = parse?*parse:'\0';
    else {
      letter = parse[0];
      subletter = parse[1];
    }
    *usedarg = FALSE; /* default is that we don't use the arg */

#if 0
    fprintf(stderr, "OPTION: %c %s\n", letter, nextarg?nextarg:"<null>");
#endif
    if(hit < 0) {
      for(j=0; j< sizeof(aliases)/sizeof(aliases[0]); j++) {
	if(letter == aliases[j].letter[0]) {
	  hit = j;
	  break;
	}
      }
      if(hit < 0) {
	return PARAM_OPTION_UNKNOWN;
      }
    }
    if(hit < 0) {
      return PARAM_OPTION_UNKNOWN;
    }    
    if(!longopt && flag[1]) {
      nextarg=&flag[1]; /* this is the actual extra parameter */
      singleopt=TRUE;   /* don't loop anymore after this */
    }
    else if((!nextarg || !*nextarg) && aliases[hit].extraparam) {
      return PARAM_REQUIRES_PARAMETER;
    }
    else if(nextarg && aliases[hit].extraparam)
      *usedarg = TRUE; /* mark it as used */

    switch(letter) {
    case '9': /* there is no short letter for this */
      /* LF -> CRLF conversinon? */
      config->crlf = TRUE;
      break;
    case '8': /* there is no short letter for this */
      if(strcmp(nextarg, "-"))
        config->errors = fopen(nextarg, "wt");
      else
        config->errors = stdout;
      break;
    case '7': /* there is no short letter for this */
      /* interface */
      GetStr(&config->iface, nextarg);
      break;
    case '6': /* there is no short letter for this */
      /* krb4 level string */
      GetStr(&config->krb4level, nextarg);
      break;
    case '5':
      /* the URL! */
      {
        struct getout *url;
        if(config->url_get || (config->url_get=config->url_list)) {
          /* there's a node here, if it already is filled-in continue to find
             an "empty" node */
          while(config->url_get && (config->url_get->flags&GETOUT_URL))
            config->url_get = config->url_get->next;
        }

        /* now there might or might not be an available node to fill in! */

        if(config->url_get)
          /* existing node */
          url = config->url_get;
        else
          /* there was no free node, create one! */
          url=new_getout(config);

        if(url) {
          /* fill in the URL */
          GetStr(&url->url, nextarg);
          url->flags |= GETOUT_URL;
        }
      }
      break;
    case '#': /* added 19990617 larsa */
      config->progressmode ^= CURL_PROGRESS_BAR;
      break;
    case '2': 
      /* SSL version 2 */
      config->ssl_version = 2;
      break;
    case '3': 
      /* SSL version 2 */
      config->ssl_version = 3;
      break;
    case 'a':
      /* This makes the FTP sessions use APPE instead of STOR */
      config->conf ^= CONF_FTPAPPEND;
      break;
    case 'A':
      /* This specifies the User-Agent name */
      GetStr(&config->useragent, nextarg);
      break;
    case 'b': /* cookie string coming up: */
      if(nextarg[0] == '@') {
        nextarg++;
      }
      else if(strchr(nextarg, '=')) {
        /* A cookie string must have a =-letter */
        GetStr(&config->cookie, nextarg);
        break;
      }
      /* We have a cookie file to read from! */
      GetStr(&config->cookiefile, nextarg);
      break;
    case 'B':
      /* use ASCII/text when transfering */
      config->conf ^= CONF_GETTEXT;
      break;
    case 'c':
      /* This makes us continue an ftp transfer */
      config->use_resume^=TRUE;
      fprintf(stderr, "-c is a deprecated switch, use '-C -' instead!\n");
      break;
    case 'C':
      /* This makes us continue an ftp transfer at given position */
      if(!strequal(nextarg, "-"))
        config->resume_from= atoi(nextarg);
      config->use_resume=TRUE;
      break;
    case 'd':
      /* postfield data */
      {
        char *postdata=NULL;

        if('@' == *nextarg) {
          /* the data begins with a '@' letter, it means that a file name
             or - (stdin) follows */
          FILE *file;

          nextarg++; /* pass the @ */

          if(strequal("-", nextarg))
            file = stdin;
          else 
            file = fopen(nextarg, "r");

          if(subletter == 'b') /* forced binary */
            postdata = file2memory(file, &config->postfieldsize);
          else
            postdata = file2string(file);
          if(file && (file != stdin))
            fclose(stdin);
        }
        else {
          GetStr(&postdata, nextarg);
        }

        if(config->postfields && *config->postfields) {
          /* we already have a string, we append this one
             with a separating &-letter */
          char *oldpost=config->postfields;
          config->postfields=aprintf("%s&%s", oldpost, postdata);
          free(oldpost);
          free(postdata);
        }
        else
          config->postfields=postdata;
      }
      if(config->postfields)
        config->conf |= CONF_POST;
      if(SetHTTPrequest(HTTPREQ_SIMPLEPOST, &config->httpreq))
        return PARAM_BAD_USE;
      break;
    case 'D':
      /* dump-header to given file name */
      GetStr(&config->headerfile, nextarg);
      break;
    case 'e':
      {
        char *ptr = strstr(nextarg, ";auto");
        if(ptr) {
          /* Automatic referer requested, this may be combined with a
             set initial one */
          config->conf |= CONF_AUTO_REFERER;
          *ptr = 0; /* zero terminate here */
        }
        GetStr(&config->referer, nextarg);
      }
      break;
    case 'E':
      if(subletter == 'a') {
        /* CA info PEM file */
        GetStr(&config->cacert, nextarg);
      }
      else {
	char *ptr = strchr(nextarg, ':');
	if(ptr) {
	  /* we have a password too */
	  *ptr=0;
	  ptr++;
	  GetStr(&config->cert_passwd, ptr);
	}
	GetStr(&config->cert, nextarg);
      }
      break;
    case 'f':
      /* fail hard on errors  */
      config->conf ^= CONF_FAILONERROR;
      break;
    case 'F':
      /* "form data" simulation, this is a little advanced so lets do our best
	 to sort this out slowly and carefully */
      if(curl_formparse(nextarg,
                        &config->httppost,
                        &config->last_post))
	return PARAM_BAD_USE;
      if(SetHTTPrequest(HTTPREQ_POST, &config->httpreq))
        return PARAM_BAD_USE;
      break;

    case 'h': /* h for help */
      help();
      return PARAM_HELP_REQUESTED;
    case 'H':
      /* A custom header to append to a list */
      config->headers = curl_slist_append(config->headers, nextarg);
      break;
    case 'i':
      config->conf ^= CONF_HEADER; /* include the HTTP header as well */
      break;
    case 'I':
      config->conf ^= CONF_HEADER; /* include the HTTP header in the output */
      config->conf ^= CONF_NOBODY; /* don't fetch the body at all */
      if(SetHTTPrequest(HTTPREQ_HEAD, &config->httpreq))
        return PARAM_BAD_USE;
      break;
    case 'K':
      res = parseconfig(nextarg, config);
      config->configread = TRUE;
      if(res)
	return res;
      break;
    case 'l':
      config->conf ^= CONF_FTPLISTONLY; /* only list the names of the FTP dir */
      break;
    case 'L':
      config->conf ^= CONF_FOLLOWLOCATION; /* Follow Location: HTTP headers */
      break;
    case 'm':
      /* specified max time */
      config->timeout = atoi(nextarg);
      break;
    case 'M': /* M for manual, huge help */
      hugehelp();
      return PARAM_HELP_REQUESTED;
    case 'n':
      /* pick info from .netrc, if this is used for http, curl will
	 automatically enfore user+password with the request */
      config->conf ^= CONF_NETRC;
      break;
    case 'N':
      /* disable the output I/O buffering */
      config->nobuffer ^= 1;
      break;
    case 'o':
    case 'O':
      /* output file */
      {
        struct getout *url;
        if(config->url_out || (config->url_out=config->url_list)) {
          /* there's a node here, if it already is filled-in continue to find
             an "empty" node */
          while(config->url_out && (config->url_out->flags&GETOUT_OUTFILE))
            config->url_out = config->url_out->next;
        }

        /* now there might or might not be an available node to fill in! */

        if(config->url_out)
          /* existing node */
          url = config->url_out;
        else
          /* there was no free node, create one! */
          url=new_getout(config);

        if(url) {
          /* fill in the outfile */
          if('o' == letter)
            GetStr(&url->outfile, nextarg);
          else {
            url->outfile=NULL; /* leave it */
            url->flags |= GETOUT_USEREMOTE;
          }
          url->flags |= GETOUT_OUTFILE;
        }
      }
      break;
    case 'P':
      /* This makes the FTP sessions use PORT instead of PASV */
      /* use <eth0> or <192.168.10.10> style addresses. Anything except
	 this will make us try to get the "default" address.
	 NOTE: this is a changed behaviour since the released 4.1!
	 */
      GetStr(&config->ftpport, nextarg);
      break;
    case 'p':
      /* proxy tunnel for non-http protocols */
      config->proxytunnel ^= TRUE;
      break;

    case 'q': /* if used first, already taken care of, we do it like
		 this so we don't cause an error! */
      break;
    case 'Q':
      /* QUOTE command to send to FTP server */
      if(nextarg[0] == '-') {
        /* prefixed with a dash makes it a POST TRANSFER one */
        nextarg++;
        config->postquote = curl_slist_append(config->postquote, nextarg);
      }
      else {
        config->quote = curl_slist_append(config->quote, nextarg);
      }
      break;
    case 'r':
      /* byte range requested */
      GetStr(&config->range, nextarg);
      break;
    case 's':
      /* don't show progress meter, don't show errors : */
      config->conf |= (CONF_MUTE|CONF_NOPROGRESS);
      config->showerror ^= TRUE; /* toggle off */
      break;
    case 'S':
      /* show errors */
      config->showerror ^= TRUE; /* toggle on if used with -s */
      break;
    case 't':
      /* we are uploading */
      config->conf ^= CONF_UPLOAD;
      fprintf(stderr, "-t is a deprecated switch, use '-T -' instead!\n");
      break;
    case 'T':
      /* we are uploading */
      config->conf |= CONF_UPLOAD;
      if(!strequal("-", nextarg))
        /* make - equal stdin */
        GetStr(&config->infile, nextarg);
      break;
    case 'u':
      /* user:password  */
      GetStr(&config->userpwd, nextarg);
      break;
    case 'U':
      /* Proxy user:password  */
      GetStr(&config->proxyuserpwd, nextarg);
      break;
    case 'v':
      config->conf ^= CONF_VERBOSE; /* talk a lot */
      break;
    case 'V':
      printf(CURL_ID "%s\n", curl_version());
      return PARAM_HELP_REQUESTED;
    case 'w':
      /* get the output string */
      if('@' == *nextarg) {
        /* the data begins with a '@' letter, it means that a file name
           or - (stdin) follows */
        FILE *file;
        nextarg++; /* pass the @ */
        if(strequal("-", nextarg))
          file = stdin;
        else 
          file = fopen(nextarg, "r");
        config->writeout = file2string(file);
        if(file && (file != stdin))
          fclose(stdin);
      }
      else 
        GetStr(&config->writeout, nextarg);
      break;
    case 'x':
      /* proxy */