backport changes from 2.1

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<section id="definitions"><title>Definitions</title>

<dl>

<dt><a name="authentication">Authentication</a></dt> <dd>The positive

identification of a network entity such as a server, a client, or a

user.<br /> See: <a

href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access

Control</a></dd>

<dt><a name="accesscontrol">Access Control</a></dt>

<dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In an Apache context

    usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.<br />

server.<br /> See: <a

href="programs/apxs.html">Manual Page: apxs</a></dd>

<dt><a name="authentication">Authentication</a></dt>

<dd>The positive identification of a network entity such as a server, a

client, or a user.<br /> See: <a

href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access

Control</a></dd>

<dt><a name="certificate">Certificate</a></dt>

<dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such

    as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces

    using CA certificates.<br />

See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>

<dt><a name="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a> <a

name="ca">(CA)</a></dt> <dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to

sign certificates for network entities it has authenticated using

secure means. Other network entities can check the signature to verify

that a CA has authenticated the bearer of a certificate.<br />

See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>

<dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a>

<a name="csr">(CSR)</a></dt> <dd>An unsigned <a

href="#certificate">certificate</a> for submission to a <a

certificate.<br />

See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>

<dt><a name="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a> <a

name="ca">(CA)</a></dt> <dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to

sign certificates for network entities it has authenticated using

secure means. Other network entities can check the signature to verify

that a CA has authenticated the bearer of a certificate.<br />

See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>

<dt><a name="cipher">Cipher</a></dt> <dd>An algorithm or system for

data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4, etc.<br />

that control the configuration of Apache.<br />

See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a></dd>

<dt><a name="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> <dd>An HTTP <a

href="#method">method</a> for proxying raw data channels over HTTP. It

can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as the SSL

<dt><a name="connect">CONNECT</a></dt>

<dd>An HTTP <a href="#method">method</a> for proxying raw data channels

over HTTP. It can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as the SSL

protocol.</dd>

<dt><a name="context">Context</a></dt> <dd>An area in the <a

    force.<br />

See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>

<dt><a name="filter">Filter</a></dt> <dd>A process that is applied to

data that is sent or received by the server.  Input filters process

<dt><a name="filter">Filter</a></dt>

<dd>A process that is applied to data that is sent or received by the

server.  Input filters process

data sent by the client to the server, while output filters process

documents on the server before they are sent to the client.  For

example, the <code>INCLUDES</code> output filter processes documents

<code>example.com</code> is a domain name, and

<code>www.example.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name.</dd>

<dt><a name="handler">Handler</a></dt> <dd>An internal Apache

representation of the action to be performed when a file is

called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file

<dt><a name="handler">Handler</a></dt>

<dd>An internal Apache representation of the action to be performed when

a file is called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file

type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain

file types are "handled" separately.  For example, the

<code>cgi-script</code> handler designates files to be processed as <a

See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a></dd>

<dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer

Protocol</a> <a name="http">(HTTP)</a></dt> <dd>The standard

transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web.  Apache implements

version 1.1 of the protocol, referred to as HTTP/1.1 and defined by <a

Protocol</a> <a name="http">(HTTP)</a></dt>

<dd>The standard transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web.

Apache implements version 1.1 of the protocol, referred to as HTTP/1.1

and defined by <a

href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>.</dd>

<dt><a name="https">HTTPS</a></dt>

<dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS<br />

    see <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a></dd>

<dt><a name="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt> <dd>The word or phrase

that protects private key files.  It prevents unauthorized users from

encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret encryption/decryption

<dt><a name="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt>

<dd>The word or phrase that protects private key files.

It prevents unauthorized users from encrypting them. Usually it's just

the secret encryption/decryption

key used for <a name="cipher">Ciphers</a>.<br /> See: <a

href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>

<dd>The unencrypted text.</dd>

<dt><a name="privatekey">Private Key</a></dt> <dd>The secret key in a

<a name="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a> system,

<a href="#publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a> system,

used to decrypt incoming messages and sign outgoing ones.<br />

See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>

See: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></dd>

<dt><a name="publickey">Public Key</a></dt> <dd>The publicly

available key in a <a name="publickeycryptography">Public Key

available key in a <a href="#publickeycryptography">Public Key

Cryptography</a> system, used to encrypt messages bound for its owner

and to decrypt signatures made by its owner.<br />

See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>

or using pkzip.</dd>

<dt><a name="transportlayersecurity">Transport Layer Security</a> <a

name="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> <dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created

name="tls">(TLS)</a></dt>

<dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created

by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for general

communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. TLS

version 1 and is nearly identical with SSL version 3.<br />

See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>

<dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform Resource Locator</a> <a

name="url">(URL)</a></dt> <dd>The name/address of a resource on the

name="url">(URL)</a></dt>

<dd>The name/address of a resource on the

Internet.  This is the common informal term for what is formally

called a <a href="#uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource

Identifier</a>.  URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like

<code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/glossary.html</code>.</dd>

<dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> <a

name="URI">(URI)</a></dt> <dd>A compact string of characters for

name="URI">(URI)</a></dt>

<dd>A compact string of characters for

identifying an abstract or physical resource.  It is formally defined

by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>.

URIs used on the world-wide web are commonly referred to

as <a href="#url">URLs</a>.</dd>

<dt><a name="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt> <dd>Serving

multiple websites using a single instance of Apache.  <em>IP virtual

hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP

<dt><a name="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt>

<dd>Serving multiple websites using a single instance of Apache.

<em>IP virtual hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP

address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name

of the host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP

address.<br /> See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host

documentation</a></dd>

<dt><a name="x.509">X.509</a></dt> <dd>An authentication certificate

scheme recommended by the International Telecommunication Union

(ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br /> See: <a

<dt><a name="x.509">X.509</a></dt>

<dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International

Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS

authentication.<br /> See: <a

href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>

</dl>

</section>

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