Add asn1_time_to_tm function and check days in month

Based on discussion in PR #3566. Reduce duplicated code in original
asn1_utctime_to_tm and asn1_generalizedtime_to_tm, and introduce a new
internal function asn1_time_to_tm. This function also checks if the days
in the input time string is valid or not for the corresponding month.

Test cases are also added.

Reviewed-by: Andy Polyakov <appro@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <paul.dale@oracle.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/3905)