Newer
Older
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
<!--
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
-->
<title>ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title>
<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" />
<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p>
<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div>
<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
<div id="path">
<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Programs</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/programs/ab.html" title="English"> en </a> |
<a href="../fr/programs/ab.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Franais"> fr </a> |
<a href="../ko/programs/ab.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
<a href="../tr/programs/ab.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Trke"> tr </a></p>
</div>
<p><code>ab</code> is a tool for benchmarking your Apache Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server. It is designed to give you an impression
of how your current Apache installation performs. This especially shows
you how many requests per second your Apache installation is capable of
serving.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#options">Options</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#output">Output</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#bugs">Bugs</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="synopsis" id="synopsis">Synopsis</a></h2>
<p><code><strong>ab</strong>
[ -<strong>A</strong> <var>auth-username</var>:<var>password</var> ]
[ -<strong>b</strong> <var>windowsize</var> ]
[ -<strong>B</strong> <var>local-address</var> ]
[ -<strong>c</strong> <var>concurrency</var> ]
[ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cookie-name</var>=<var>value</var> ]
[ -<strong>d</strong> ]
[ -<strong>e</strong> <var>csv-file</var> ]
[ -<strong>f</strong> <var>protocol</var> ]
[ -<strong>g</strong> <var>gnuplot-file</var> ]
[ -<strong>h</strong> ]
[ -<strong>H</strong> <var>custom-header</var> ]
[ -<strong>i</strong> ]
[ -<strong>k</strong> ]
[ -<strong>l</strong> ]
[ -<strong>m</strong> <var>HTTP-method</var> ]
[ -<strong>n</strong> <var>requests</var> ]
[ -<strong>p</strong> <var>POST-file</var> ]
[ -<strong>P</strong> <var>proxy-auth-username</var>:<var>password</var> ]
[ -<strong>q</strong> ]
[ -<strong>r</strong> ]
[ -<strong>s</strong> <var>timeout</var> ]
[ -<strong>S</strong> ]
[ -<strong>t</strong> <var>timelimit</var> ]
[ -<strong>T</strong> <var>content-type</var> ]
[ -<strong>u</strong> <var>PUT-file</var> ]
[ -<strong>v</strong> <var>verbosity</var>]
[ -<strong>V</strong> ]
[ -<strong>w</strong> ]
[ -<strong>x</strong> <var><table>-attributes</var> ]
[ -<strong>X</strong> <var>proxy</var>[:<var>port</var>] ]
[ -<strong>y</strong> <var><tr>-attributes</var> ]
[ -<strong>z</strong> <var><td>-attributes</var> ]
[ -<strong>Z</strong> <var>ciphersuite</var> ]
[http[s]://]<var>hostname</var>[:<var>port</var>]/<var>path</var></code></p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="options" id="options">Options</a></h2>
<dl>
<dt><code>-A <var>auth-username</var>:<var>password</var></code></dt>
<dd>Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to the server. The username and
password are separated by a single <code>:</code> and sent on the wire
base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the server needs
it (<em>i.e.</em>, has sent an 401 authentication needed).</dd>
<dt><code>-b <var>windowsize</var></code></dt>
<dd>Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes.</dd>
<dt><code>-B <var>local-address</var></code></dt>
<dd>Address to bind to when making outgoing connections.</dd>
<dt><code>-c <var>concurrency</var></code></dt>
<dd>Number of multiple requests to perform at a time. Default is one
request at a time.</dd>
<dt><code>-C <var>cookie-name</var>=<var>value</var></code></dt>
<dd>Add a <code>Cookie:</code> line to the request. The argument is
typically in the form of a <code><var>name</var>=<var>value</var></code>
pair. This field is repeatable.</dd>
<dt><code>-d</code></dt>
<dd>Do not display the "percentage served within XX [ms] table". (legacy
support).</dd>
<dt><code>-e <var>csv-file</var></code></dt>
<dd>Write a Comma separated value (CSV) file which contains for each
percentage (from 1% to 100%) the time (in milliseconds) it took to serve
that percentage of the requests. This is usually more useful than the
'gnuplot' file; as the results are already 'binned'.</dd>
<dt><code>-f <var>protocol</var></code></dt>
<dd>Specify SSL/TLS protocol (SSL2, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2, or ALL).
TLS1.1 and TLS1.2 support available in 2.4.4 and later.</dd>
<dt><code>-g <var>gnuplot-file</var></code></dt>
<dd>Write all measured values out as a 'gnuplot' or TSV (Tab separate
values) file. This file can easily be imported into packages like Gnuplot,
IDL, Mathematica, Igor or even Excel. The labels are on the first line of
the file. </dd>
<dt><code>-h</code></dt>
<dd>Display usage information.</dd>
<dt><code>-H <var>custom-header</var></code></dt>
<dd>Append extra headers to the request. The argument is typically in
the form of a valid header line, containing a colon-separated field-value
pair (<em>i.e.</em>, <code>"Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit"</code>).</dd>
<dt><code>-i</code></dt>
<dd>Do <code>HEAD</code> requests instead of <code>GET</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-k</code></dt>
<dd>Enable the HTTP KeepAlive feature, <em>i.e.</em>, perform multiple
requests within one HTTP session. Default is no KeepAlive.</dd>
<dt><code>-l</code></dt>
<dd>Do not report errors if the length of the responses is not constant. This
can be useful for dynamic pages.
Available in 2.4.7 and later.
</dd>
<dt><code>-m <var>HTTP-method</var></code></dt>
<dd>Custom HTTP method for the requests.
Available in 2.4.10 and later.</dd>
<dt><code>-n <var>requests</var></code></dt>
<dd>Number of requests to perform for the benchmarking session. The default
is to just perform a single request which usually leads to
non-representative benchmarking results.</dd>
<dt><code>-p <var>POST-file</var></code></dt>
<dd>File containing data to POST. Remember to also set <code>-T</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-P <var>proxy-auth-username</var>:<var>password</var></code></dt>
<dd>Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to a proxy en-route. The
username and password are separated by a single <code>:</code> and sent on
the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the
proxy needs it (<em>i.e.</em>, has sent an 407 proxy authentication
needed).</dd>
<dt><code>-q</code></dt>
<dd>When processing more than 150 requests, <code>ab</code> outputs a
progress count on <code>stderr</code> every 10% or 100 requests or so. The
<code>-q</code> flag will suppress these messages.</dd>
<dt><code>-r</code></dt>
<dd>Don't exit on socket receive errors.</dd>
<dt><code>-s <var>timeout</var></code></dt>
<dd>Maximum number of seconds to wait before the socket times out.
Default is 30 seconds.
Available in 2.4.4 and later.</dd>
<dt><code>-S</code></dt>
<dd>Do not display the median and standard deviation values, nor display
the warning/error messages when the average and median are more than
one or two times the standard deviation apart. And default to the
min/avg/max values. (legacy support).</dd>
<dt><code>-t <var>timelimit</var></code></dt>
<dd>Maximum number of seconds to spend for benchmarking. This implies a
<code>-n 50000</code> internally. Use this to benchmark the server within a
fixed total amount of time. Per default there is no timelimit.</dd>
<dt><code>-T <var>content-type</var></code></dt>
<dd>Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
<code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code>.
Default is <code>text/plain</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-u <var>PUT-file</var></code></dt>
<dd>File containing data to PUT. Remember to also set <code>-T</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-v <var>verbosity</var></code></dt>
<dd>Set verbosity level - <code>4</code> and above prints information on
headers, <code>3</code> and above prints response codes (404, 200, etc.),
<code>2</code> and above prints warnings and info.</dd>
<dt><code>-V</code></dt>
<dd>Display version number and exit.</dd>
<dt><code>-w</code></dt>
<dd>Print out results in HTML tables. Default table is two columns wide,
with a white background.</dd>
<dt><code>-x <var><table>-attributes</var></code></dt>
<dd>String to use as attributes for <code><table></code>. Attributes
are inserted <code><table <var>here</var> ></code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-X <var>proxy</var>[:<var>port</var>]</code></dt>
<dd>Use a proxy server for the requests.</dd>
<dt><code>-y <var><tr>-attributes</var></code></dt>
<dd>String to use as attributes for <code><tr></code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-z <var><td>-attributes</var></code></dt>
<dd>String to use as attributes for <code><td></code>.</dd>
<dt><code>-Z <var>ciphersuite</var></code></dt>
<dd>Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)</dd>
</dl>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="output" id="output">Output</a></h2>
<p>The following list describes the values returned by <code>ab</code>:
</p>
<dl>
<dt>Server Software</dt>
<dd>The value, if any, returned in the <var>server</var> HTTP header
of the first successful response. This includes all characters in the
header from beginning to the point a character with decimal value of 32
(most notably: a space or CR/LF) is detected.</dd>
<dt>Server Hostname</dt>
<dd>The DNS or IP address given on the command line</dd>
<dt>Server Port</dt>
<dd>The port to which ab is connecting. If no port is given on the
command line, this will default to 80 for http and 443 for
https.</dd>
<dt>SSL/TLS Protocol</dt>
<dd>The protocol parameters negotiated between the client and server.
This will only be printed if SSL is used.</dd>
<dt>Document Path</dt>
<dd>The request URI parsed from the command line string.</dd>
<dt>Document Length</dt>
<dd>This is the size in bytes of the first successfully returned document.
If the document length changes during testing, the response is
considered an error.</dd>
<dt>Concurrency Level</dt>
<dd>The number of concurrent clients used during the test</dd>
<dt>Time taken for tests</dt>
<dd>This is the time taken from the moment the first socket connection
is created to the moment the last response is received</dd>
<dt>Complete requests</dt>
<dd>The number of successful responses received</dd>
<dt>Failed requests</dt>
<dd>The number of requests that were considered a failure. If the
number is greater than zero, another line will be printed showing the
number of requests that failed due to connecting, reading, incorrect
content length, or exceptions.</dd>
<dt>Write errors</dt>
<dd>The number of errors that failed during write (broken pipe).</dd>
<dt>Non-2xx responses</dt>
<dd>The number of responses that were not in the 200 series of response
codes. If all responses were 200, this field is not printed.</dd>
<dt>Keep-Alive requests</dt>
<dd>The number of connections that resulted in Keep-Alive requests</dd>
<dt>Total body sent</dt>
<dd>If configured to send data as part of the test, this is the total
number of bytes sent during the tests. This field is omitted if the test
did not include a body to send.</dd>
<dt>Total transferred</dt>
<dd>The total number of bytes received from the server. This number
is essentially the number of bytes sent over the wire.</dd>
<dt>HTML transferred</dt>
<dd>The total number of document bytes received from the server. This
number excludes bytes received in HTTP headers</dd>
<dt>Requests per second</dt>
<dd>This is the number of requests per second. This value is the result
of dividing the number of requests by the total time taken</dd>
<dt>Time per request</dt>
<dd>The average time spent per request. The first value is calculated
with the formula <code>concurrency * timetaken * 1000 / done</code>
while the second value is calculated with the formula
<code>timetaken * 1000 / done</code></dd>
<dt>Transfer rate</dt>
<dd>The rate of transfer as calculated by the formula
<code>totalread / 1024 / timetaken</code></dd>
</dl>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="bugs" id="bugs">Bugs</a></h2>
<p>There are various statically declared buffers of fixed length. Combined
with the lazy parsing of the command line arguments, the response headers
from the server and other external inputs, this might bite you.</p>
<p>It does not implement HTTP/1.x fully; only accepts some 'expected' forms
of responses. The rather heavy use of <code>strstr(3)</code> shows up top
in profile, which might indicate a performance problem; <em>i.e.</em>, you
would measure the <code>ab</code> performance rather than the server's.</p>
</div></div>
<div class="bottomlang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/programs/ab.html" title="English"> en </a> |
<a href="../fr/programs/ab.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Franais"> fr </a> |
<a href="../ko/programs/ab.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
<a href="../tr/programs/ab.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Trke"> tr </a></p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
<script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var comments_shortname = 'httpd';
var comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/programs/ab.html';
(function(w, d) {
if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "httpd.apache.org") {
d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><\/div>');
var s = d.createElement('script');
s.type = 'text/javascript';
s.async = true;
s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier;
(d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s);
}
else {
d.write('<div id="comments_thread">Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/div>');
}
})(window, document);
//--><!]]></script></div><div id="footer">
<p class="apache">Copyright 2017 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
if (typeof(prettyPrint) !== 'undefined') {
prettyPrint();
}
//--><!]]></script>
</body></html>