Add a test for correct handling of the cryptopro bug extension

This was complicated by the fact that we were using this extension for our
duplicate extension handling tests. In order to add tests for cryptopro
bug the duplicate extension handling tests needed to change first.

Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <paul.dale@oracle.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/7984)

(cherry picked from commit 9effc496)