MANUAL review

        curl http://www.weirdserver.com:8000/

  Get a list of a directory of an FTP site:

  Get a directory listing of an FTP site:

        curl ftp://cool.haxx.se/

DOWNLOAD TO A FILE

  Get a web page and store in a local file:

  Get a web page and store in a local file with a specific name:

        curl -o thatpage.html http://www.netscape.com/

        curl -x my-proxy:888 ftp://ftp.leachsite.com/README

 Get a file from a HTTP server that requires user and password, using the

 Get a file from an HTTP server that requires user and password, using the

 same proxy as above:

        curl -u user:passwd -x my-proxy:888 http://www.get.this/

RANGES

  With HTTP 1.1 byte-ranges were introduced. Using this, a client can request

  HTTP 1.1 introduced byte-ranges. Using this, a client can request

  to get only one or more subparts of a specified document. Curl supports

  this with the -r flag.

        curl -T uploadfile -u user:passwd ftp://ftp.upload.com/myfile

  Upload a local file to the remote site, and use the local file name remote

  too:

  Upload a local file to the remote site, and use the local file name at the remote

  site too:

        curl -T uploadfile -u user:passwd ftp://ftp.upload.com/

 HTTP

  Upload all data on stdin to a specified http site:

  Upload all data on stdin to a specified HTTP site:

        curl -T - http://www.upload.com/myfile

  Note that the http server must have been configured to accept PUT before

  Note that the HTTP server must have been configured to accept PUT before

  this can be done successfully.

  For other ways to do http data upload, see the POST section below.

  For other ways to do HTTP data upload, see the POST section below.

VERBOSE / DEBUG

  The 'variable' names are the names set with "name=" in the <input> tags, and

  the data is the contents you want to fill in for the inputs. The data *must*

  be properly URL encoded. That means you replace space with + and that you

  write weird letters with %XX where XX is the hexadecimal representation of

  replace weird letters with %XX where XX is the hexadecimal representation of

  the letter's ASCII code.

  Example:

REFERRER

  A HTTP request has the option to include information about which address

  that referred to actual page.  Curl allows you to specify the

  An HTTP request has the option to include information about which address

  referred it to the actual page.  Curl allows you to specify the

  referrer to be used on the command line. It is especially useful to

  fool or trick stupid servers or CGI scripts that rely on that information

  being available or contain certain data.

USER AGENT

  A HTTP request has the option to include information about the browser

  An HTTP request has the option to include information about the browser

  that generated the request. Curl allows it to be specified on the command

  line. It is especially useful to fool or trick stupid servers or CGI

  scripts that only accept certain browsers.

  The default way for curl is to issue the PASV command which causes the

  server to open another port and await another connection performed by the

  client. This is good if the client is behind a firewall that don't allow

  client. This is good if the client is behind a firewall that doesn't allow

  incoming connections.

        curl ftp.download.com

  If the server for example, is behind a firewall that don't allow connections

  on other ports than 21 (or if it just doesn't support the PASV command), the

  If the server, for example, is behind a firewall that doesn't allow connections

  on ports other than 21 (or if it just doesn't support the PASV command), the

  other way to do it is to use the PORT command and instruct the server to

  connect to the client on the given (as parameters to the PORT command) IP

  number and port.

  connect to the client on the given IP number and port (as parameters to the

  PORT command).

  The -P flag to curl supports a few different options. Your machine may have

  several IP-addresses and/or network interfaces and curl allows you to select

  If you neglect to specify the password on the command line, you will be

  prompted for the correct password before any data can be received.

  Many older SSL-servers have problems with SSLv3 or TLS, that newer versions

  of OpenSSL etc is using, therefore it is sometimes useful to specify what

  Many older SSL-servers have problems with SSLv3 or TLS, which newer versions

  of OpenSSL etc use, therefore it is sometimes useful to specify what

  SSL-version curl should use. Use -3, -2 or -1 to specify that exact SSL

  version to use (for SSLv3, SSLv2 or TLSv1 respectively):

  Otherwise, curl will first attempt to use v3 and then v2.

  To use OpenSSL to convert your favourite browser's certificate into a PEM

  formatted one that curl can use, do something like this (assuming netscape,

  but IE is likely to work similarly):

  formatted one that curl can use, do something like this:

    You start with hitting the 'security' menu button in netscape.

    In Netscape, you start with hitting the 'Security' menu button.

    Select 'certificates->yours' and then pick a certificate in the list

    Press the 'export' button

    Press the 'Export' button

    enter your PIN code for the certs

     # ./apps/openssl pkcs12 -in [file you saved] -clcerts -out [PEMfile]

    In Firefox, select Options, then Advanced, then the Encryption tab,

    View Certificates. This opens the Certificate Manager, where you can

    Export. Be sure to select PEM for the Save as type.

    In Internet Explorer, select Internet Options, then the Content tab, then

    Certificates. Then you can Export, and depending on the format you may

    need to convert to PEM.

    In Chrome, select Settings, then Show Advanced Settings. Under HTTPS/SSL

    select Manage Certificates.

RESUMING FILE TRANSFERS

 To continue a file transfer where it was previously aborted, curl supports

 resume on http(s) downloads as well as ftp uploads and downloads.

 resume on HTTP(S) downloads as well as FTP uploads and downloads.

 Continue downloading a document:

        curl -C - -o file http://www.server.com/

 (*1) = This requires that the ftp server supports the non-standard command

 (*1) = This requires that the FTP server supports the non-standard command

        SIZE. If it doesn't, curl will say so.

 (*2) = This requires that the web server supports at least HTTP/1.1. If it

TIME CONDITIONS

 HTTP allows a client to specify a time condition for the document it

 requests. It is If-Modified-Since or If-Unmodified-Since. Curl allow you to

 requests. It is If-Modified-Since or If-Unmodified-Since. Curl allows you to

 specify them with the -z/--time-cond flag.

 For example, you can easily make a download that only gets performed if the

  and offer ldap:// support.

  LDAP is a complex thing and writing an LDAP query is not an easy task. I do

  advice you to dig up the syntax description for that elsewhere. Two places

  advise you to dig up the syntax description for that elsewhere. Two places

  that might suit you are:

  Netscape's "Netscape Directory SDK 3.0 for C Programmer's Guide Chapter 10:

  RFC 2255, "The LDAP URL Format" http://curl.haxx.se/rfc/rfc2255.txt

  To show you an example, this is now I can get all people from my local LDAP

  To show you an example, this is how I can get all people from my local LDAP

  server that has a certain sub-domain in their email address:

        curl -B "ldap://ldap.frontec.se/o=frontec??sub?mail=*sth.frontec.se"

NETRC

  Unix introduced the .netrc concept a long time ago. It is a way for a user

  to specify name and password for commonly visited ftp sites in a file so

  to specify name and password for commonly visited FTP sites in a file so

  that you don't have to type them in each time you visit those sites. You

  realize this is a big security risk if someone else gets hold of your

  passwords, so therefore most unix programs won't read this file unless it is

  only readable by yourself (curl doesn't care though).

  Curl supports .netrc files if told so (using the -n/--netrc and

  --netrc-optional options). This is not restricted to only ftp,

  but curl can use it for all protocols where authentication is used.

  Curl supports .netrc files if told to (using the -n/--netrc and

  --netrc-optional options). This is not restricted to just FTP,

  so curl can use it for all protocols where authentication is used.

  A very simple .netrc file could look something like:

  Curl supports kerberos4 and kerberos5/GSSAPI for FTP transfers. You need

  the kerberos package installed and used at curl build time for it to be

  used.

  available.

  First, get the krb-ticket the normal way, like with the kinit/kauth tool.

  Then use curl in way similar to:

   - NEW_ENV=<var,val> Sets an environment variable.

  NOTE: the telnet protocol does not specify any way to login with a specified

  NOTE: The telnet protocol does not specify any way to login with a specified

  user and password so curl can't do that automatically. To do that, you need

  to track when the login prompt is received and send the username and

  password accordingly.

  Note that curl cannot use persistent connections for transfers that are used

  in subsequence curl invokes. Try to stuff as many URLs as possible on the

  same command line if they are using the same host, as that'll make the

  transfers faster. If you use a http proxy for file transfers, practically

  transfers faster. If you use an HTTP proxy for file transfers, practically

  all transfers will be persistent.

MULTIPLE TRANSFERS WITH A SINGLE COMMAND LINE

  IPv6 addresses provided other than in URLs (e.g. to the --proxy, --interface

  or --ftp-port options) should not be URL encoded.

METALINK

  Curl supports Metalink (both version 3 and 4 (RFC 5854) are supported), a way

  to list multiple URIs and hashes for a file. Curl will make use of the mirrors

  listed within for failover if there are errors (such as the file or server not

  being available). It will also verify the hash of the file after the download

  completes. The Metalink file itself is downloaded and processed in memory and

  not stored in the local file system.

  Example to use a remote Metalink file:

    curl --metalink http://www.example.com/example.metalink

  To use a Metalink file in the local file system, use FILE protocol (file://):

    curl --metalink file://example.metalink

  Please note that if FILE protocol is disabled, there is no way to use a local

  Metalink file at the time of this writing. Also note that if --metalink and

  --include are used together, --include will be ignored. This is because including

  headers in the response will break Metalink parser and if the headers are included

  in the file described in Metalink file, hash check will fail.

MAILING LISTS