add an id attribute for every anchor

<section id="definitions"><title>Definitions</title>

  <dl>

    <dt><a name="accesscontrol">Access Control</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="accesscontrol" id="accesscontrol">Access Control</a></dt>

    <dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In an Apache context

      usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.<br /> See:  <a

      href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access

      Control</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="algorithm">Algorithm</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="algorithm" id="algorithm">Algorithm</a></dt>

    <dd>An unambiguous formula or set of rules for solving a problem in a finite

      number of steps. Algorithms for encryption are usually called

      <dfn>Ciphers</dfn>.

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="apacheextensiontool">APache eXtension Tool</a> 

      <a name="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="apacheextensiontool" id="apacheextensiontool">APache

        eXtension Tool</a> <a name="apxs" id="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt>

    <dd>A perl script that aids in compiling <glossary

      ref="module">module</glossary> sources into Dynamic Shared Objects

      (<glossary ref="dso">DSO</glossary>s) and helps install them in the

      See: <a href="programs/apxs.html">Manual Page: apxs</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="authentication">Authentication</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="authentication" id="authentication">Authentication</a></dt>

    <dd>The positive identification of a network entity such as a server, a

      client, or a user.<br />

      See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access

      Control</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="certificate">Certificate</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="certificate" id="certificate">Certificate</a></dt>

    <dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such

      as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces

      about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <glossary

      See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a>

      <a name="csr">(CSR)</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest"

      id="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a>

      <a name="csr" id="csr">(CSR)</a></dt>

    <dd>An unsigned <glossary ref="certificate">certificate</glossary> for

      submission to a <glossary ref="certificationauthority">Certification

      Authority</glossary>, which signs it with the <glossary

      See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a>

      <a name="ca">(CA)</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="certificationauthority"

        id="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a>

      <a name="ca" id="ca">(CA)</a></dt>

    <dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to sign certificates for network

      entities it has authenticated using secure means. Other network entities

      can check the signature to verify that a CA has authenticated the bearer

      See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="cipher">Cipher</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="cipher" id="cipher">Cipher</a></dt>

    <dd>An algorithm or system for data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4,

      etc.<br />

      See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="ciphertext">Ciphertext</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="ciphertext" id="ciphertext">Ciphertext</a></dt>

    <dd>The result after <glossary ref="plaintext">Plaintext</glossary> is

      passed through a <glossary ref="cipher">Cipher</glossary>.<br /> See: <a

      href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="commongatewayinterface">Common Gateway Interface</a>

      <a name="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="commongatewayinterface" id="commongatewayinterface">Common

        Gateway Interface</a> <a name="cgi" id="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt>

    <dd>A standard definition for an interface between a web server and an

      external program that allows the external program to service requests.

      The interface was originally defined by <a

      See: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Dynamic Content with CGI</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="configurationdirective">Configuration Directive</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="configurationdirective"

        id="configurationdirective">Configuration Directive</a></dt>

    <dd>See: <glossary ref="directive">Directive</glossary></dd>

    <dt><a name="configurationfile">Configuration File</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="configurationfile" id="configurationfile">Configuration

        File</a></dt>

    <dd>A text file containing <glossary ref="directive">Directives</glossary>

      that control the configuration of Apache.<br />

      See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="connect">CONNECT</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="connect" id="connect">CONNECT</a></dt>

    <dd>An HTTP <glossary ref="method">method</glossary> for proxying raw data

      channels over HTTP. It can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as

      the SSL protocol.

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="context">Context</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="context" id="context">Context</a></dt>

    <dd>An area in the <glossary ref="configurationfile">configuration

      files</glossary> where certain types of <glossary

      ref="directive">directives</glossary> are allowed.<br />

      Apache Directives</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="digitalsignature">Digital Signature</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="digitalsignature" id="digitalsignature">Digital

        Signature</a></dt>

    <dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A

      <glossary ref="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</glossary>

      creates a signature by generating a hash of the <em>Public Key</em>

      See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="directive">Directive</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="directive" id="directive">Directive</a></dt>

    <dd>A configuration command that controls one or more aspects of Apache's

      behavior.  Directives are placed in the <glossary

      ref="configurationfile">Configuration File</glossary><br />

    See: <a href="mod/directives.html">Directive Index</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject">Dynamic Shared Object</a>

      <a name="dso">(DSO)</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject" id="dynamicsharedobject">Dynamic

        Shared Object</a> <a name="dso" id="dso">(DSO)</a></dt>

    <dd><glossary ref="module">Modules</glossary> compiled separately from the

      Apache httpd binary that can be loaded on-demand.<br />

      See: <a href="dso.html">Dynamic Shared Object Support</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="environmentvariable">Environment Variable</a>

      <a name="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="environmentvariable" id="environmentvariable">Environment

        Variable</a> <a name="env-variable"

        id="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt>

    <dd>Named variables managed by the operating system shell and used to store

      information and communicate between programs.  Apache also contains

      internal variables that are referred to as environment variables, but are

      See: <a href="env.html">Environment Variables in Apache</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="export-crippled">Export-Crippled</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="export-crippled" id="export-crippled">Export-Crippled</a></dt>

    <dd>Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply

      with the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

      Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size,

      See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="filter">Filter</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="filter" id="filter">Filter</a></dt>

    <dd>A process that is applied to data that is sent or received by the

      server.  Input filters process data sent by the client to the server,

      while output filters process documents on the server before they are sent

      See: <a href="filter.html">Filters</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Fully-Qualified Domain-Name</a>

      <a name="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name" 

        id="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Fully-Qualified Domain-Name</a>

      <a name="fqdn" id="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt>

    <dd>The unique name of a network entity, consisting of a hostname and a

      domain name that can resolve to an IP address. For example,

      <code>www</code> is a hostname, <code>example.com</code> is a domain name,

      and <code>www.example.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name.

    </dd> 

    <dt><a name="handler">Handler</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="handler" id="handler">Handler</a></dt>

    <dd>An internal Apache representation of the action to be performed when a

      file is called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file

      type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain

      See: <a href="handler.html">Apache's Handler Use</a>

    </dd>

   <dt><a name="hash">Hash</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="hash" id="hash">Hash</a></dt>

    <dd>A mathematical one-way, irreversable algorithm generating a string with

       fixed-length from another string of any length. Different input strings

       will usually produce different hashes (depending on the hash function).

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="header">Header</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="header" id="header">Header</a></dt>

    <dd>The part of the <glossary ref="http">HTTP</glossary> request and

      response that is sent before the actual content, and that contains

      meta-information describing the content.

    </dd> 

    <dt><a name=".htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> 

    <dt><a name=".htaccess" id=".htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> 

    <dd>A <glossary ref="configurationfile">configuration file</glossary> that

      is placed inside the web tree and applies configuration <glossary

      ref="directive">directives</glossary> to the directory where it is

      See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="httpd.conf" id="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt>

    <dd>The main Apache <glossary ref="configurationfile">configuration

      file</glossary>.  The default location is

      <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>, but it may be moved using

      See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer Protocol</a>

      <a name="http">(HTTP)</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol"

      id="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer Protocol</a>

      <a name="http" id="hhtp">(HTTP)</a></dt>

    <dd>The standard transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web.  Apache

      implements version 1.1 of the protocol, referred to as HTTP/1.1 and

      defined by <a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>.

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="https">HTTPS</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="https" id="https">HTTPS</a></dt>

    <dd>The HyperText Transfer Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted

      communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP

      over <glossary ref="ssl">SSL</glossary>.<br />

      See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd> 

    <dt><a name="method">Method</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="method" id="method">Method</a></dt>

    <dd>In the context of <glossary ref="http">HTTP</glossary>, an action to

      perform on a resource, specified on the request line by the client.  Some

      of the methods available in HTTP are <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>,

      and <code>PUT</code>.

    </dd> 

    <dt><a name="messagedigest">Message Digest</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="messagedigest" id="messagedigest">Message Digest</a></dt>

    <dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of

      the message have not been altered in transit.<br />

      See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="mime-type">MIME-type</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="mime-type" id="mime-type">MIME-type</a></dt>

    <dd>A way to describe the kind of document being transmitted.  Its name

      comes from that fact that its format is borrowed from the Multipurpose

      Internet Mail Extensions.  It consists of a major type and a minor type,

      See: <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="module">Module</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="module" id="module">Module</a></dt>

    <dd>An independent part of a program.  Much of Apache's functionality is

      contained in modules that you can choose to include or exclude.  Modules

      that are compiled into the Apache httpd binary are called <em>static

      See: <a href="mod/">Module Index</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="modulemagicnumber">Module Magic Number</a>

      (<a name="mmn">MMN</a>)</dt>

    <dt><a name="modulemagicnumber" id="modulemagicnumber">Module Magic

      Number</a> (<a name="mmn" id="mmn">MMN</a>)</dt>

    <dd>Module Magic Number is a constant defined in the Apache source code that

      is associated with binary compatibility of modules. It is changed when

      internal Apache structures, function calls and other significant parts of

      version of Apache.

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="openssl" id="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt>

    <dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS<br />

      See <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a>#

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt>

    <dd>The word or phrase that protects private key files. It prevents

      unauthorized users from encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret

      encryption/decryption key used for <a name="cipher">Ciphers</a>.<br />

      encryption/decryption key used for <glossary

      ref="cipher">Ciphers</glossary>.<br />

      See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="plaintext">Plaintext</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="plaintext" id="plaintext">Plaintext</a></dt>

    <dd>The unencrypted text.</dd>

    <dt><a name="privatekey">Private Key</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="privatekey" id="privatekey">Private Key</a></dt>

    <dd>The secret key in a <glossary ref="publickeycryptography">Public Key

      Cryptography</glossary> system, used to decrypt incoming messages and

      sign outgoing ones.<br />

      See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="proxy">Proxy</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></dt>

    <dd>An intermediate server that sits between the client and the <em>origin

        server</em>.  It accepts requests from clients, transmits those requests

      on to the origin server, and then returns the response from the origin

      See: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="publickey">Public Key</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="publickey" id="publickey">Public Key</a></dt>

    <dd>The publicly available key in a <glossary

      ref="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</glossary> system,

      used to encrypt messages bound for its owner and to decrypt signatures

      See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd>

    <dt><a name="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="publickeycryptography"

      id="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a></dt>

    <dd>The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which use

      one key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding pair of

      such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric Cryptography.

      See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

    </dd> 

    <dt><a name="regularexpresion">Regular Expression</a>

      <a name="regex">(Regex)</a></dt>

    <dt><a name="regularexpresion" id="regularexpresion">Regular Expression</a>

      <a name="regex" id="regex">(Regex)</a></dt>

    <dd>A way of describing a pattern in text - for example, "all the words that

      begin with the letter A" or "every 10-digit phone number" or even "Every

      sentence with two commas in it, and no capital letter Q". Regular

      href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> library.

  </dd> 

  <dt><a name="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a></dt>

  <dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a></dt>

  <dd>A <glossary ref="proxy">proxy</glossary> server that appears to the client

    as if it is an <em>origin server</em>.  This is useful to hide the real

    origin server from the client for security reasons, or to load balance.

  </dd>

  <dt><a name="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets Layer</a>

    <a name="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt>

  <dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets

      Layer</a> <a name="ssl" id="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt>

  <dd>A protocol created by Netscape Communications Corporation for general

    communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks.  The most

    popular usage is <em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

    See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

  </dd> 

  <dt><a name="serversideincludes">Server Side Includes</a>

    <a name="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt>

  <dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes">Server Side

      Includes</a> <a name="ssi" id="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt>

  <dd>A technique for embedding processing directives inside HTML files.<br />

    See: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Introduction to Server Side Includes</a>

  </dd>

  <dt><a name="session">Session</a></dt>

  <dt><a name="session" id="session">Session</a></dt>

  <dd>The context information of a communication in general.</dd>

  <dt><a name="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt>

  <dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt>

  <dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by Eric A.

    Young

  </dd> 

  <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetric Cryptography</a></dt>

  <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy" id="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetric

      Cryptography</a></dt>

  <dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key

    for both encryption and decryption operations.<br />

    See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

  </dd>

  <dt><a name="tarball">Tarball</a></dt>

  <dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Tarball</a></dt>

  <dd>A package of files gathered together using the <code>tar</code> utility.

    Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives or using

    pkzip.

  </dd> 

  <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity">Transport Layer Security</a>

    <a name="tls">(TLS)</a></dt>

  <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity">Transport

      Layer Security</a> <a name="tls" id="tls">(TLS)</a></dt>

  <dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created by the Internet Engineering Task

    Force (IETF) for general communication authentication and encryption over

    TCP/IP networks. TLS version 1 and is nearly identical with SSL version

    See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>

  </dd>

  <dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform Resource Locator</a>

    <a name="url">(URL)</a></dt>

  <dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator" id="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform

      Resource Locator</a> <a name="url" id="url">(URL)</a></dt>

  <dd>The name/address of a resource on the Internet.  This is the common

    informal term for what is formally called a <glossary

      ref="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</glossary>.

    <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.1/glossary.html</code>.

  </dd> 

  <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>

    <a name="URI">(URI)</a></dt>

  <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier"

    id="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>

    <a name="URI" id="URI">(URI)</a></dt>

  <dd>A compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical

    resource.  It is formally defined by <a

      href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>.  URIs used on the

      ref="url">URLs</glossary>.

  </dd> 

  <dt><a name="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt>

  <dt><a name="virtualhosting" id="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt>

  <dd>Serving multiple websites using a single instance of Apache.  <em>IP

      virtual hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP

    address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name of the

    See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host documentation</a>

  </dd>

  <dt><a name="x.509">X.509</a></dt>

  <dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt>

  <dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International

    Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br

    /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>