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<manualpage metafile="win_compiling.xml.meta">
  <parentdocument href="./">Platform Specific Notes</parentdocument>

  <title>Compiling Apache for Microsoft Windows</title>

  <summary>

    <p>There are many important points before you begin compiling
    Apache. See <a href="windows.html">Using Apache with Microsoft
    Windows</a> before you begin.</p>

  </summary>

  <section id="requirements">

    <title>Requirements</title>

    <p>Compiling Apache requires the following environment to be
    properly installed:</p>

    <ul>
      <li>
        <p>Disk Space</p>
        <p>Make sure you have at least 180 MB of free disk space
        available. After installation Apache requires approximately
        70 MB of disk space, plus space for log and cache files,
        which can grow rapidly. The actual disk space requirements
        will vary considerably based on your chosen configuration and
        any third-party modules or libraries, especially when OpenSSL
        is also built.  Because many files are text and very easily
        compressed, NTFS filesystem compression cuts these requirements
        in half.</p>
      </li>

      <li>
        <p>Microsoft Visual C++ (Microsoft Visual Studio) 6.0 or higher.</p>

        <p>Apache can be built using the command line tools, or from
        within the Visual Studio IDE Workbench.  The command line
        build requires the environment to reflect the <code>PATH</code>,
        <code>INCLUDE</code>, <code>LIB</code> and other variables
        that can be configured with the <code>vcvars32.bat</code> file:</p>

        <example>
          "c:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\Bin\VCVARS32"
        </example>
      </li>

      <li>
        <p>The Windows Platform SDK for Visual C++ 6.0 (97) or 7.0 (.NET)</p>

        <p>Apache's APR and APR-util builds require an updated Microsoft
        Windows Platform SDK, from Feb 2003 or later, included in the
        Visual C++ 7.1 (Studio 2003) and later.  For command line builds with 
        Visual C++ 6.0 or 7.0, the Platform SDK environment is prepared by 
        the <code>setenv.bat</code> file:</p>
        <example>
          "c:\Program Files\Platform SDK\setenv.bat"
        </example>

        <p>The Platform SDK files distributed with Visual C++ 6.0 and
        Visual Studio .NET (2000) are no longer sufficient and cause many
        compilation warnings and linkage errors.  Users of Visual C++ 7.1
        (Studio 2003) and later versions (of the full product, not the 
        'Visual Studio Express' flavor) may skip this requirement.</p>

        <p>If using the GUI, either start msdev or devenv with the /setenv
        flag (after invoking setenv.bat), or ensure the paths are correct
        under the Tools -&gt; Options -&gt; (Projects -&gt;) Directories 
        menu option.  The Platform SDK installer will generally help you
        configure this.</p>
      </li>

      <li>
        <p>The awk utility (awk, gawk or similar).</p>
        <p>To install Apache within the build system, several files are
        modified using the <code>awk.exe</code> utility. awk was chosen since
        it is a very small download (compared with Perl or WSH/VB) and
        accomplishes the task of modifying configuration files upon
        installation.  Brian Kernighan's
        <a href="http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/bwk/"
        >http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/bwk/</a>
        site has a compiled native Win32 binary,
        <a href="http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/bwk/awk95.exe"
        >http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/bwk/awk95.exe</a> which
        you must save with the name <code>awk.exe</code> rather than
        <code>awk95.exe</code>.</p>

        <note>If awk.exe is not found, Makefile.win's install target
        will not perform substitutions in the installed .conf files.
        The installed .conf files must then be modified by hand for
        this situation.</note>

        <p>Note that Developer Studio IDE will only find
        <code>awk.exe</code> from the Executable path specified in the menu 
        option Tools -&gt; Options -&gt; (Projects -&gt;) Directories.
        Add the path for <code>awk.exe</code> to this list, and your 
        system <code>PATH</code> environment variable, as needed.</p>

        <note>Also note that if you are using Cygwin tools
        (<a href="http://www.cygwin.com/">http://www.cygwin.com/</a>) 
        the awk utility is named <code>gawk.exe</code> and that the file 
        <code>awk.exe</code> is really a symlink to the <code>gawk.exe</code>
        file. The Windows command shell does not recognize symlinks, and 
        because of this building InstallBin will fail. A workaround is 
        to delete <code>awk.exe</code> from the cygwin installation and 
        copy <code>gawk.exe</code> to <code>awk.exe</code>.  Also note the
        cygwin/mingw ports of gawk 3.0.x were buggy, please upgrade to 3.1.x
        before attempting to use any gawk port.</note>
      </li>

      <li>
        <p>[Optional] zlib library (for <module>mod_deflate</module>)</p>
        <p>Zlib must be installed into a <code>srclib</code> subdirectory named
        <code>zlib</code>.  This must be built in-place.  Zlib can be obtained 
        from <a href="http://www.zlib.net/">http://www.zlib.net/</a> -- the
        <module>mod_deflate</module> is confirmed to work correctly with 
        version 1.2.3.</p>

        <example>
          nmake -f win32\Makefile.msc<br />
          nmake -f win32\Makefile.msc test
        </example>
      </li>

      <li>
        <p>[Optional] OpenSSL libraries (for <module>mod_ssl</module>
        and <code>ab.exe</code> with ssl support)</p>
        <p><strong>Caution: there are significant restrictions and
        prohibitions on the use and distribution of strong cryptography
        and patented intellectual property throughout the world.</strong>
        OpenSSL includes strong cryptography controlled by both export
        regulations and domestic law, as well as intellectual property
        protected by patent, in the United States and elsewhere.  Neither
        the Apache Software Foundation nor the OpenSSL project can provide
        legal advise regarding possession, use, or distribution of the code
        provided by the OpenSSL project. <strong>Consult your own legal
        counsel, you are responsible for your own actions.</strong></p>

        <p>OpenSSL must be installed into a <code>srclib</code> subdirectory 
        named <code>openssl</code>, obtained from 
        <a href="http://www.openssl.org/source/"
        >http://www.openssl.org/source/</a>, in order to compile 
        <module>mod_ssl</module> or the abs project (<code>ab.exe</code> 
        enabled with SSL support.) To prepare OpenSSL for both 
        <code>release</code> and <code>debug</code> builds of Apache, and
        disable the patent protected features in OpenSSL,  you might use 
        the following build commands:</p>

        <example>
          perl Configure no-mdc2 no-rc5 no-idea enable-zlib VC-WIN32 -Ipath/to/srclib/zlib<br />
          ms\do_masm.bat<br />
          nmake -f ms\ntdll.mak
        </example>

        <p>Note: It is not advisable to use zlib-dynamic, as that could
        pose a thread race condition.  If building zlib on win32, be sure
        to adjust the resulting ms\ntdll.mak file to link to the full
        path of srclib\zlib\zdll.lib rather than zlib1.lib (that error in
        configuration of OpenSSL through 0.9.8d and earlier reflects older 
        zlib 1.1 versions.)</p>
      </li>

    </ul>

  </section>

  <section id="commandbuild">

    <title>Command-Line Build</title>

    <p>First, unpack the Apache distribution into an appropriate
    directory. Open a command-line prompt and <code>cd</code> to that
    directory.</p>

    <p>The master Apache makefile instructions are contained in the
    <code>Makefile.win</code> file. To compile Apache on Windows
    NT, simply use one of the following commands to compiled the
    <code>release</code> or <code>debug</code> build, respectively:</p>

    <example><pre>
nmake /f Makefile.win _apacher

nmake /f Makefile.win _apached
    </pre></example>

    <p>Either command will compile Apache. The latter will disable
    optimization of the resulting files, making it easier to single
    step the code to find bugs and track down problems.</p>

  </section>

  <section id="workspacebuild">

    <title>Developer Studio Workspace IDE Build</title>

    <p>Apache can also be compiled using VC++'s Visual Studio
    development environment. To simplify this process, a
    Visual Studio workspace, <code>Apache.dsw</code>, is provided.
    This workspace exposes the entire list of working <code>.dsp</code>
    projects that are required for the complete Apache binary release.
    It includes dependencies between the projects to assure that they
    are built in the appropriate order.</p>

    <p>Open the <code>Apache.dsw</code> workspace, and select
    <code>InstallBin</code> (<code>Release</code> or <code>Debug</code> build,
    as desired) as the Active Project. <code>InstallBin</code> causes all
    related project to be built, and then invokes <code>Makefile.win</code> to
    move the compiled executables and dlls. You may personalize the
    <code>INSTDIR=</code> choice by changing <code>InstallBin</code>'s Settings,
    General tab, Build command line entry. <code>INSTDIR</code> defaults to the
    <code>/Apache2</code> directory. If you only want a test compile (without
    installing) you may build the <code>BuildBin</code> project instead.</p>

    <p>The <code>.dsp</code> project files are distributed in Visual
    C++ 6.0 format. Visual C++ 5.0 (97) will recognize them. Visual C++
    7.0 (.net) must convert <code>Apache.dsw</code> plus the <code>.dsp</code>
    files into an <code>Apache.sln</code> plus <code>.msproj</code> files,
    be sure you reconvert the <code>.msproj</code> file if any of the source
    <code>.dsp</code> files change! This is really trivial, just open
    <code>Apache.dsw</code> in the VC++ 7.0 IDE once again.</p>

    <note>There is a flaw in the .vcproj conversion of .dsp through 
    Visual Studio 2005 SP1; devenv.exe will mis-parse the /D flag for RC 
    flags containing long quoted /D'efines containing spaces.  The command:
    <example>
      perl srclib\apr\build\cvtdsp.pl -2005
    </example>
    will convert the /D flags for RC flags to use an alternate, parseable
    syntax; unfortunately this syntax isn't supported by Visual Studio 97
    or it's exported .mak files.  These /D flags are used to pass the long
    description of the mod_apachemodule.so files to their .rc resource
    version-identifier compilations, and replace the use of awk for generating
    .rc files formerly used for Apache 2.0.</note>

    <p>Visual C++ 7.0 (.net) users should also use the Build
    menu, Configuration Manager dialog to uncheck both the <code>Debug</code>
    and <code>Release</code> Solution modules abs, <module>mod_ssl</module>
    and <module>mod_deflate</module>.
    These modules are built by invoking <code>nmake</code> or the IDE directly
    with the <code>BinBuild</code> target to build those modules conditionally
    if the <code>srclib</code> directories <code>openssl</code> and/or
    <code>zlib</code> exist.</p>

    <p>Exported <code>.mak</code> files pose a greater hassle, but they are
    required for Visual C++ 5.0 users to build <module>mod_ssl</module>,
    abs (<program>ab</program> with SSL support) and/or
    <module>mod_deflate</module>.  VC++ 7.0 (Visual Studio .NET) users 
    also benefit, <code>nmake</code> builds were faster than 
    <code>binenv</code> builds until the parallel compilation features
    introduced in Visual Studio 2005.  Build the entire project from within 
    the VC++ 5.0 or 6.0 IDE, preferably with mod_deflate, mod_ssl and abs,
    then use the Project Menu Export for all makefiles (preferably, with 
    dependencies.)  You must build the projects first in order to create 
    all dynamic auto-generated targets, so that dependencies can be parsed
    correctly. Run the following command to fix the paths so they will build 
    anywhere:</p>

    <example>
      perl srclib\apr\build\fixwin32mak.pl
    </example>

    <p>You must type this command from the <em>top level</em>
    directory of the httpd source tree. Every
    <code>.mak</code> and <code>.dep</code> project file within
    the current directory and below will be corrected, and the
    timestamps adjusted to reflect the <code>.dsp</code>.</p>

    <p>If you contribute back a patch that revises project files, we
    must commit project files in Visual Studio 6.0 format. Changes
    should be simple, with minimal compilation and linkage flags that
    will be recognized by all VC++ 5.0 through 7.0 environments.</p>

  </section>

  <section id="projectcomponents">

    <title>Project Components</title>

    <p>The <code>Apache.dsw</code> workspace and <code>makefile.win</code>
    <code>nmake</code> script both build the <code>.dsp</code> projects
    of the Apache server in the following sequence:</p>

    <ol>
      <li><code>srclib\apr\apr.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>srclib\apr\libapr.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>srclib\apr-util\uri\gen_uri_delims.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>srclib\apr-util\xml\expat\lib\xml.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>srclib\apr-util\aprutil.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>srclib\apr-util\libaprutil.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>srclib\pcre\dftables.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>srclib\pcre\pcre.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>srclib\pcre\pcreposix.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>server\gen_test_char.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>libhttpd.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>Apache.dsp</code></li>
    </ol>

    <p>In addition, the <code>modules\</code> subdirectory tree contains
    project files for the majority of the modules.</p>

    <p>The <code>support\</code> directory contains project files for
    additional programs that are not part of the Apache runtime,
    but are used by the administrator to test Apache and maintain
    password and log files. Windows-specific support projects are
    broken out in the <code>support\win32\</code> directory.</p>

    <ol>
      <li><code>support\ab.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>support\htdigest.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>support\htpasswd.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>support\logresolve.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>support\rotatelogs.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>support\win32\ApacheMonitor.dsp</code></li>

      <li><code>support\win32\wintty.dsp</code></li>
    </ol>

    <p>Once Apache has been compiled, it needs to be installed in
    its server root directory. The default is the
    <code>\Apache2</code> directory, of the same drive.</p>

    <p>To build and install all the files into the desired folder
    <em>dir</em> automatically, use one of the following
    <code>nmake</code> commands:</p>

    <example><pre>
nmake /f Makefile.win installr INSTDIR=<em>dir</em>

nmake /f Makefile.win installd INSTDIR=<em>dir</em>
    </pre></example>

    <p>The <em>dir</em> argument to <code>INSTDIR</code> gives
    the installation directory; it can be omitted if Apache is
    to be installed into <code>\Apache2</code>.</p>

    <p>This will install the following:</p>

    <ul>
      <li><code><em>dir</em>\bin\Apache.exe</code> - Apache
      executable</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\bin\ApacheMonitor.exe</code> - Service
      monitor taskbar icon utility</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\bin\htdigest.exe</code> - Digest auth
      password file utility</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\bin\htdbm.exe</code> - SDBM auth
      database password file utility</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\bin\htpasswd.exe</code> - Basic auth
      password file utility</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\bin\logresolve.exe</code> - Log file
      dns name lookup utility</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\bin\rotatelogs.exe</code> - Log file
      cycling utility</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\bin\wintty.exe</code> - Console window
      utility</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\bin\libapr.dll</code> - Apache
      Portable Runtime shared library</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\bin\libaprutil.dll</code> - Apache
      Utility Runtime shared library</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\bin\libhttpd.dll</code> - Apache Core
      library</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\modules\mod_*.so</code> - Loadable
      Apache modules</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\conf</code> - Configuration
      directory</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\logs</code> - Empty logging
      directory</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\include</code> - C language header
      files</li>

      <li><code><em>dir</em>\lib</code> - Link library files</li>
    </ul>

    <section id="projectcomponents-warn">

      <title>Warning about building Apache from the development tree</title>

      <note>Note only the <code>.dsp</code> files are maintained between <code>release</code>
      builds. The <code>.mak</code> files are NOT regenerated, due to the tremendous
      waste of reviewer's time. Therefore, you cannot rely on the <code>NMAKE</code>
      commands above to build revised <code>.dsp</code> project files unless you
      then export all <code>.mak</code> files yourself from the project. This is
      unnecessary if you build from within the Microsoft
      Developer Studio environment.</note>

      <note>Also note it is very worthwhile to build the <code>BuildBin</code>
      target project (or the command line <code>_apacher</code> or
      <code>_apached</code> target) prior to exporting the make files.
      Many files are autogenerated in the build process. Only a full
      build provides all of the dependent files required to build proper
      dependency trees for correct build behavior.</note>

      <p>In order to create distribution <code>.mak</code> files, always 
      review the generated <code>.mak</code> (or <code>.dep</code>) 
      dependencies for Platform SDK or other garbage, machine specific
      includes.  The <code>DevStudio\SharedIDE\bin\</code> (VC5) or 
      <code>DevStudio\Common\MSDev98\bin\</code> (VC6) directory contains
      the <code>sysincl.dat</code> file, which must list all exceptions. 
      Update this file (including both forward and backslashed paths, such 
      as both <code>sys/time.h</code> and <code>sys\time.h</code>) to ignore 
      such dependencies.  Including local-install paths in a distributed 
      <code>.mak</code> file will cause the build to fail completely. And 
      don't forget to run <code>srclib/apr/build/fixwin32mak.pl</code> in 
      order to fix absolute paths within the <code>.mak</code> files.</p>

    </section>

  </section>

</manualpage>

