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<div id="preamble"><h1>Module Apache mod_mime_magic</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Langues Disponibles: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_mime_magic.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="../fr/mod/mod_mime_magic.html" title="Franais">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a></p>
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<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Dtermine le type MIME d'un fichier  partir de quelques
octets de son contenu</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Statut:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">IdentificateurdeModule:</a></th><td>mime_magic_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">FichierSource:</a></th><td>mod_mime_magic.c</td></tr></table>
<h3>Sommaire</h3>

    <p>Ce module permet de dterminer le <a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#mime-type" title="voir glossaire">type
    MIME</a> des fichiers de la mme manire que la commande Unix
    <code>file(1)</code>,  savoir en se basant sur les premiers octets
    du fichier. Il est conu comme une "seconde ligne de dfense" pour
    les cas o <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code> ne parvient pas  dterminer le
    type du fichier.</p>

    <p>Ce module est driv d'une version libre de la commande Unix
    <code>file(1)</code> qui utilise des "nombres magiques" et autres
    marques distinctives issus du contenu du fichier pour essayer de
    dterminer le type de contenu. Ce module n'est activ que si le
    fichier magique est spcifi par la directive <code class="directive"><a href="#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><h3>Sujets</h3>
<ul id="topics">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#format">Format du fichier magique</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#performance">Problmes lis aux performances</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#notes">Notes</a></li>
</ul><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Traitement des bugs</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/CHANGES_2.4">Journal des modifications de httpd</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&amp;list_id=144532&amp;product=Apache%20httpd-2&amp;query_format=specific&amp;order=changeddate%20DESC%2Cpriority%2Cbug_severity&amp;component=mod_mime_magic">Problmes connus</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/enter_bug.cgi?product=Apache%20httpd-2&amp;component=mod_mime_magic">Signaler un bug</a></li></ul><h3>Voir aussi</h3>
<ul class="seealso">
<li><a href="#comments_section">Commentaires</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="format" id="format">Format du fichier magique</a></h2>

    <p>Le fichier contient du texte ASCII sur 4  5 colonnes. Les lignes
    vides sont autorises mais ignores. Toute ligne commenant par un
    dise (<code>#</code>) est un commentaire. Les autres lignes sont
    interprtes en colonnes comme suit :</p>

    <table class="bordered"><tr class="header"><th>Colonne</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td>1</td>
        <td>numro de l'octet  partir duquel la vrification dbute<br />
         "<code>&gt;</code>" indique une dpendance par rapport  la
	 dernire ligne non-"<code>&gt;</code>"</td></tr>
<tr class="odd"><td>2</td>
        <td><p>type de donne  rechercher</p>
        <table class="bordered">
        
        <tr><td><code>byte</code></td>
            <td>caractre unique</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>short</code></td>
            <td>entier sur 16 bits selon l'ordre de la machine</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>long</code></td>
            <td>entier sur 32 bits selon l'ordre de la machine</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>string</code></td>
            <td>chane de taille choisie</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>date</code></td>
            <td>date au format entier long (secondes depuis le temps Unix epoch/1970)</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>beshort</code></td>
            <td>entier 16 bits big-endian</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>belong</code></td>
            <td>entier 32 bits big-endian</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>bedate</code></td>
            <td>date au format entier 32 bits big-endian</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>leshort</code></td>
            <td>entier 16 bits little-endian</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>lelong</code></td>
            <td>entier 32 bits little-endian</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>ledate</code></td>
            <td>date au format entier 32 bits little-endian</td></tr>
        </table></td></tr>
<tr><td>3</td>
        <td>contenu des donnes  rechercher</td></tr>
<tr class="odd"><td>4</td>
        <td>type MIME si correspondance</td></tr>
<tr><td>5</td>
        <td>codage MIME si correspondance (optionnel)</td></tr>
</table>

    <p>Par exemple, les lignes du fichier magique suivantes
    permettraient de reconnatre certains formats audio :</p>

    <div class="example"><pre># Sun/NeXT audio data
0      string      .snd
&gt;12    belong      1       audio/basic
&gt;12    belong      2       audio/basic
&gt;12    belong      3       audio/basic
&gt;12    belong      4       audio/basic
&gt;12    belong      5       audio/basic
&gt;12    belong      6       audio/basic
&gt;12    belong      7       audio/basic
&gt;12    belong     23       audio/x-adpcm</pre></div>

    <p>Et celles-ci permettraient de reconnatre la diffrence entre les
    fichiers <code>*.doc</code> qui contiennent des documents Microsoft
    Word et les documents FrameMaker (ce sont des formats de fichiers
    incompatibles qui possdent le mme suffixe).</p>

    <div class="example"><pre># Frame
0  string  \&lt;MakerFile        application/x-frame
0  string  \&lt;MIFFile          application/x-frame
0  string  \&lt;MakerDictionary  application/x-frame
0  string  \&lt;MakerScreenFon   application/x-frame
0  string  \&lt;MML              application/x-frame
0  string  \&lt;Book             application/x-frame
0  string  \&lt;Maker            application/x-frame

# MS-Word
0  string  \376\067\0\043            application/msword
0  string  \320\317\021\340\241\261  application/msword
0  string  \333\245-\0\0\0           application/msword</pre></div>

    <p>Un champ optionnel codage MIME peut tre ajout dans la cinquime
    colonne. Par exemple, cette ligne permet de reconnatre les fichiers
    compresss par gzip et dfinissent le type de codage.</p>

    <div class="example"><pre># gzip (GNU zip,  ne pas confondre avec
#       l'archiveur zip [Info-ZIP/PKWARE])

0  string  \037\213  application/octet-stream  x-gzip</pre></div>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="performance" id="performance">Problmes lis aux performances</a></h2>
    <p>Ce module n'est pas fait pour tous les systmes. Si votre systme
    parvient  peine  supporter sa charge, ou si vous testez les
    performances d'un serveur web, il est dconseill d'utiliser ce
    module car son fonctionnement a un prix en matire de ressources
    consommes.</p>

    <p>Des efforts ont cependant t fournis pour amliorer les
    performances du code original de la commande <code>file(1)</code> en
    l'adaptant pour fonctionner sur un serveur web  forte charge. Il a
    t conu pour un serveur sur lequel des milliers d'utilisateurs
    publient leurs propres documents, ce qui est probablement trs
    courant sur un intranet. Il s'avre souvent bnfique qu'un serveur
    puisse prendre des dcisions plus pertinentes  propos du contenu
    d'un fichier que celles se basant sur le nom du fichier seul, ne
    serait-ce que pour diminuer le nombre d'appels du type "pourquoi ma
    page ne s'affiche-t-elle pas ?" survenant lorsque les utilisateurs
    nomment leurs fichiers incorrectement. Vous devez dterminer si la
    charge supplmentaire convient  votre environnement.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="notes" id="notes">Notes</a></h2>
    <p>Les notes suivantes s'appliquent au module
    <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime_magic.html">mod_mime_magic</a></code> et sont incluses ici pour
    conformit avec les restrictions de copyright des contributeurs
    qui requirent de les accepter.</p>
    <p>Note de traduction : ces informations de type lgal ne sont pas traductibles</p>

    <div class="note">
      <p>mod_mime_magic: MIME type lookup via file magic numbers<br />
      Copyright (c) 1996-1997 Cisco Systems, Inc.</p>

      <p>This software was submitted by Cisco Systems to the Apache Group
      in July 1997. Future revisions and derivatives of this source code
      must acknowledge Cisco Systems as the original contributor of this
      module. All other licensing and usage conditions are those of the
      Apache Group.</p>

      <p>Some of this code is derived from the free version of the file
      command originally posted to comp.sources.unix. Copyright info for
      that program is included below as required.</p>
    </div>

    <div class="note">
      <p> - Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin, 1987. Written by Ian F. Darwin.</p>

      <p>This software is not subject to any license of the American
      Telephone and Telegraph Company or of the Regents of the University
      of California.</p>

      <p>Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
      purpose on any computer system, and to alter it and redistribute it
      freely, subject to the following restrictions:</p>

      <ol>
        <li>The author is not responsible for the consequences of use of
        this software, no matter how awful, even if they arise from flaws
        in it.</li>

        <li>The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either
        by explicit claim or by omission. Since few users ever read
        sources, credits must appear in the documentation.</li>

        <li>Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
        be misrepresented as being the original software. Since few users
        ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation.</li>

        <li>This notice may not be removed or altered.</li>
      </ol>
    </div>

    <div class="note">
      <p>For compliance with Mr Darwin's terms: this has been very
      significantly modified from the free "file" command.</p>

      <ul>
        <li>all-in-one file for compilation convenience when moving from
        one version of Apache to the next.</li>

        <li>Memory allocation is done through the Apache API's pool
        structure.</li>

        <li>All functions have had necessary Apache API request or server
        structures passed to them where necessary to call other Apache API
        routines. (<em>i.e.</em>, usually for logging, files, or memory
        allocation in itself or a called function.)</li>

        <li>struct magic has been converted from an array to a single-ended
        linked list because it only grows one record at a time, it's only
        accessed sequentially, and the Apache API has no equivalent of
        <code>realloc()</code>.</li>

        <li>Functions have been changed to get their parameters from the
        server configuration instead of globals.  (It should be reentrant
        now but has not been tested in a threaded environment.)</li>

        <li>Places where it used to print results to stdout now saves them
        in a list where they're used to set the MIME type in the Apache
        request record.</li>

        <li>Command-line flags have been removed since they will never be
        used here.</li>
      </ul>
    </div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="mimemagicfile" id="mimemagicfile">Directive</a> <a name="MimeMagicFile" id="MimeMagicFile">MimeMagicFile</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Active la dtermination du type MIME en se basant sur le
contenu du fichier et en utilisant le fichier magique
spcifi</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntaxe:</a></th><td><code>MimeMagicFile <var>chemin-fichier</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Contexte:</a></th><td>configuration du serveur, serveur virtuel</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Statut:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_mime_magic</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>La directive <code class="directive">MimeMagicFile</code> permet
    d'activer ce module, le fichier par dfaut fourni tant
    <code>conf/magic</code>. Les chemins sans slash '/' de dbut sont
    relatifs au rpertoire dfini par la directive <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code>. Les serveurs virtuels
    utilisent le mme fichier que le serveur principal sauf si un
    fichier spcifique a t dfini pour ce serveur virtuel, auquel cas
    c'est ce dernier fichier qui sera utilis.</p>

    <div class="example"><h3>Exemple</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">MimeMagicFile conf/magic</pre>
</div>

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